塔里木盆地巴楚隆起玛扎塔格断裂带几何学与运动学特征

doi:10.11743/ogg20210206

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

玛扎塔格断裂带位于巴楚隆起东南缘，因其部分构造出露地表及其第四纪的强烈活动特征而广受关注，探讨玛扎塔格断裂带的几何学、运动学特征不仅可为探究巴楚隆起乃至塔里木盆地应力场演变特征提供依据，也可用于间接对比塔里木盆地各期应力场在该断裂带处的强度变化。结合地震资料和地表露头地层产状，利用深浅结合手段，刻画了玛扎塔格断裂带几何学特征，以三维建模技术建立了断面三维形态，最终利用平衡剖面恢复技术还原了断裂带构造演化过程。研究认为，玛扎塔格断裂带在剖面上整体表现为分层变形特征，沿断裂带走向剖面构造样式较为一致，地表露头构造为断裂带第四纪活动的结果，断裂带三维展布中可显著识别出各构造层断层面垂向叠置特征。玛扎塔格断裂带起因于早期基底形成的正断层薄弱带在早奥陶世发生反转，并在志留纪再次活动，在晚二叠世形成沿中寒武统底面滑脱断层，古近纪末期进一步活动；始新世早期，沿古近系底滑脱的新生界断层形成，并在中新世、上新世及第四纪持续性活动，将新生界逆冲至地表形成现今面貌。

关键词: 三维模型, 分层变形, 几何学特征, 运动学特征, 玛扎塔格断裂带, 巴楚隆起, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

The Mazartag fault zone at the southeastern margin of the Bachu Uplift has drawn wide attention because of its partial exposure and dents of intensive Quaternary activities.The study on the geometric and kinematical characteristics of the zone may provide a basis for exploring the evolution characteristics of the stress field in the Bachu Uplift and even the Tarim Basin, and also for an indirect observation of intensity variations of stress fields (of the basin) at the zone through various stages.The geometry of the Mazartag fault zone was then characterized and combined with seismic data and outcrop observation to establish 3D sections via 3D modeling, and to restore the evolution process with balanced section restoration.The results show that the Mazartag fault zone is characterized by layered deformation and the structural style along the fault zone is relatively consistent.The outcrops are shaped by the Quaternary activities.Vertical overlapping fault planes of each structural layer are easily identified in the 3D sections.All these suggest that the Mazartag fault zone was initially a weak normal fault zone formed in the basement that then went through the Early Ordovician inversion, Silurian reactivation, and Late Permian decollement along the bottom of the Middle Cambrian in succession.At the end of the Paleogene, the zone was activated further and started to form the Cenozoic decollement fault zone along the Paleogene in the early Eocene.The decollement faults have been active from the early Eocene, Miocene, Pliocene to Quaternary, and thrusted the Cenozoic strata to the surface to take the present relief.

Key words: 3D model, layered deformation, geometrical characteristics, kinematical characteristics, Mazartag fault zone, Bachu Uplift, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.2

张永,郑孟林,陈槚俊,等. 塔里木盆地巴楚隆起玛扎塔格断裂带几何学与运动学特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(2): 325-337. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210206 Yong Zhang,Menglin Zheng,Jiajun Chen,et al. Geometrical and kinematical characteristics of the Mazartag fault zone in Bachu Uplift, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(2): 325-337. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210206

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编号	剖面名称	构造分层	转折前上盘截层角/(°)	向斜翼间角半角/(°)	断层转折角/ (°)	转折后上盘截层角/(°)	新生界断层滑移量/km
1	MZ05-116	新生界	4.7	80.59	22	-5	1.70
1	MZ05-116	古生界	0	74.70	30	0	2.52
2	OGS14-30	新生界	—	—	—	—	—
2	OGS14-30	古生界	0	72.56	35	0	3.14
3	HT96-148	新生界	—	—	—	—	—
3	HT96-148	古生界	0	75.50	29	0	2.86
4	35ALL-ma	新生界	12.5	80.00	18	-12	2.61
4	35ALL-ma	古生界	0	82.10	18	0	5.38
5	OGS14-40	新生界	16.0	86.00	10	-15	2.15
5	OGS14-40	古生界	—	—	—	—	—
6	MZ98-222	新生界	—	—	—	—	—
6	MZ98-222	古生界	0	84.80	10.4	0	3.62

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