石油与天然气地质 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 1073-1086.doi: 10.11743/ogg20220506
周立宏1(), 何海清2, 郭绪杰2, 陈长伟1, 韩国猛1, 杨飞1, 马建英1, 周素彦1
收稿日期:
2021-12-31
修回日期:
2022-07-13
出版日期:
2022-10-01
发布日期:
2022-09-02
第一作者简介:
周立宏(1968—),男,博士、教授级高级工程师,油气勘探研究与生产管理。E?mail: 基金项目:
Lihong Zhou1(), Haiqing He2, Xujie Guo2, Changwei Chen1, Guomeng Han1, Fei Yang1, Jianying Ma1, Suyan Zhou1
Received:
2021-12-31
Revised:
2022-07-13
Online:
2022-10-01
Published:
2022-09-02
摘要:
陆相湖盆中等成熟页岩油资源丰富,而该类型资源具有岩相变化快、成岩演化程度低、储层敏感性强及原油粘滞性高等特点,工程开发对策仍处于探索阶段。以渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷西南缘古近系沙河街组一段下亚段(沙一下亚段)典型湖相中等偏低成熟烃源岩为研究对象,分析该类型页岩油富集主控因素及工程应对策略,探索中等成熟页岩油开发动用方案。研究表明:云灰质页岩夹薄层碳酸盐岩段粘土含量矿物小于30 %,海水基滑溜水防膨压裂液体系能够抑制该类储层敏感性,并解决因粘土矿物吸水膨胀而导致的地层坍塌问题;储层脆性、生烃条件、含油性和储层水敏性是中等成熟页岩油甜点分布的主控因素,甜点厚度一般在10~12 m左右,应用叠前偏移数据体开展储层预测、读准靶点深度、旋转导向精准定向、打准甜点段及提高甜点钻遇率是获得高产-稳产的前提条件;采用海水基压裂液防膨、趾端蓄能体积压裂和前置CO2增能降粘可实现压裂提产。利用新认识优化QY1H井部署和实施方案,该井437 d累产油7 303.28 t(平均日产16.75 t),实现中等成熟度页岩油高产-稳产勘探突破。
中图分类号:
表1
黄骅坳陷主力烃源岩参数对比[8,11,13-14,20]"
层位 | 岩性组合 | TOC/% | 干酪根类型 | 地质年龄/Ma | 埋深/m | Ro/% | 粘土矿物含量/% | 成岩演化阶段 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
沙一下亚段 | 云灰质页岩 | 0.1~5.4 (平均2.4) | Ⅰ型为主, 少量Ⅱ1型 | 33.8 | 1 800~4 200 | 0.35~1.00 (中等偏低成熟) | 6.6~51.3 (平均29.3) | 早成岩B期— 中成岩A期 |
沙三段 | 长英质页岩, 局部云灰质页岩 | 0.4~2.6 (平均1.0) | Ⅱ型为主 | 45.0 | 3 120~4 380 | 0.70~1.70 (中高成熟) | 12.9~36.8 (平均25.0) | 中成岩A期 |
孔二段 | 长英质页岩,云灰质页岩 | 0.3~11.9 (平均3.6) | Ⅰ型、Ⅱ1型为主 | 56.0 | 3 500~4 000 | 0.70~1.20 (中等成熟) | 0~41.0 (平均15.8) | 中成岩A期 |
图2
歧口凹陷西南缘B22井沙一下亚段泥页岩显微组构特征a.粘土质页岩,其中伊利石占60.65 %、石英占23.75 %、钠长石占4.44 %,石英颗粒分散在伊利石中,层理缝较发育,顶部黄铁矿呈富集层状富集,埋深2 586.24 m; b.白云质页岩,其中铁白云石占43.28 %、白云石占2.04 %、方解石占31.49 %、石英占10.23 %、钠长石占3.87 %、黄铁矿占2.41 %,铁白云石与方解石呈韵律互层状产出,埋深2 580.54 m; c.混合质页岩,其中方解石占30.13 %、伊利石占22.96 %、钠长石占22.03 %、石英占14.22 %,灰质纹层、粘土和长英质纹层呈互层状产出,埋深2 584.17 m; d.灰质混合质页岩,其中方解石占41.68 %、伊利石占35.74 %、石英占12.77 %,石英颗粒分散在方解石和伊利石中,下部见有沿层分布的黄铁矿,埋深2 563.44 m; e.白云岩,其中白云石占98.2 %,少量石英、长石颗粒,埋深2 587.52 m; f.白云岩,其中白云石占82.04 %、伊利石占6.11 %、石英占10.5 %,碳酸盐岩白云岩化程度高,伊利石和石英呈分散状态产出,埋深2 602.04 m; g.白云质页岩,其中铁白云石占45.49 %、白云石占20.23 %、伊利石占23.13 %、石英占7.73 %,铁白云石和伊利石呈弱纹层状产出,白云石和石英颗粒分散,埋深2 602.35 m; h.灰质混合质页岩,其中方解石占32.14 %、白云石占10.78 %、伊利石占25.54 %、石英占17.97 %、钠长石占7.26 %、正长石占2.88 %、黄铁矿占1.74 %,整体呈块状,方解石和伊利石含量相对较高,其他矿物成分均不占优势,埋深2 627.68 m; i.灰质页岩,其中方解石占45.08 %、白云石占26.9 %、石英占10.29 %、钠长石占4.78 %、伊利石占6.53 %,块状构造,石英、钠长石和白云石呈颗粒状分散在灰质基质中,埋深2 628.29 m; j.白云质页岩,其中铁白云石占66.00 %、白云石占7.71 %、方解石占12.05 %、伊利石占5.35 %、石英占5.48 %,块状构造,铁白云石呈隐晶状,埋深2 628.49 m; k.长英质混合质页岩,其中石英占29.82 %、钠长石占10.18 %、正长石占8.28 %、方解石占7.63 %、白云石占8.85 %、铁白云石占7.27 %、伊利石占26.28 %,埋深2 629.10 m; l.地层综合柱状图(a—k为场发射扫描电镜照片。)"
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