石油与天然气地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 367-383.doi: 10.11743/ogg20240205
张长建1,2(), 杨德彬1,2, 蒋林1,2, 姜应兵1,2, 昌琪1,2, 马雪健1,2
收稿日期:
2023-09-21
修回日期:
2024-03-06
出版日期:
2024-04-30
发布日期:
2024-04-30
第一作者简介:
张长建(1983—),男,副研究员,油气开发地质。 E-mail:frank_geoscience@qq.com。
基金项目:
Changjian ZHANG1,2(), Debin YANG1,2, Lin JIANG1,2, Yingbing JIANG1,2, Qi CHANG1,2, Xuejian MA1,2
Received:
2023-09-21
Revised:
2024-03-06
Online:
2024-04-30
Published:
2024-04-30
摘要:
为了研究塔里木盆地塔河北部强剥蚀区海西早期古岩溶洞穴发育特征,用古地貌恢复、岩溶水系统分析、测井-岩心洞穴识别和地震属性刻画等方法进行了YQ5井区的洞穴类型样式识别、缝洞结构刻画和洞穴成因演化研究。研究结果表明:YQ5井区在塔河油田Ⅱ号和Ⅲ号古岩溶台地北部的地势平缓区,总体为多期次岩溶叠加改造后的残留地貌,主要发育幅差较小的溶峰洼地、溶丘洼地和溶丘平原,南部发育NE向展布的峰丛垄脊沟谷。与塔河油田主体区及斜坡区不同,YQ5井区地下和地表水系的流向与地貌趋势不一致,岩溶水系统遭受构造作用破坏,导致补给、径流和排泄的岩溶水循环过程不完整。YQ5井区主要发育暗河型洞穴和“过溶蚀残留型”断溶体。暗河型洞穴充填较为严重,洞穴的有效储集空间受到破坏,影响油气开发效果。岩溶台地的构造抬升造成区域侵蚀基准面的下降,顺走滑断裂的垂向侵蚀作用有利于“过溶蚀残留型”断溶体的持续发育和保存,油气开发效果好。“过溶蚀残留型”断溶体的发育主控因素为走滑断裂、地层剥蚀强度和负向地貌。与塔河古岩溶台地演化过程一致,YQ5井区的岩溶演化经历深切曲流期、岩溶改造期和下渗断溶期3个阶段。暗河型洞穴被持续改造破坏,断溶体则持续建造。
中图分类号:
图6
塔河油田外围YQ3井中-下奥陶统古岩溶洞穴沉积及裂缝岩心照片a.溶洞沉积,浅灰色灰质细砂岩,发育水平层理,埋深5 848.90~5 849.10 m;b.溶洞沉积,浅灰色灰质细砂岩,发育斜层理,埋深5 820.65~5 820.80 m;c.溶洞沉积,浅绿灰色灰质泥岩,夹灰白色团块泥质灰岩,埋深5 824.20~5 824.50 m;d.溶洞沉积,浅灰绿色泥质细砂岩,发育小型斜层理,个别层系见滑动现象,埋深5 824.50~5 824.80 m;e.浅黄灰色斑状沥青质云质灰岩,发育方解石半充填的立缝,含沥青,埋深5 910.70~5 910.95 m;f.浅灰色微晶云质灰岩,发育一长0.5 m的直立缝,无充填,埋深6 107.00~6 107.30 m;g.褐灰色条带状微晶云质灰岩,发育方解石半充填的立缝,扩溶现象显著,含沥青,埋深6 108.20~6 108.60 m;h.浅灰色微晶云质灰岩,发育含沥青方解石半充填溶蚀裂缝,埋深6 108.70~6 109.00 m"
图8
塔河油田外围YQ5-3C井中-下奥陶统断溶体岩心照片a.构造角砾岩,以灰岩砾、砂岩砾和白云岩砾为主,发育塑性变形,埋深6 453.00~6 453.25 m;b.构造角砾岩,裂缝中灰白色次生方解石,发育塑性变形和溶蚀孔洞,方解石节理发育并呈晶簇块状,埋深6 453.25~6 453.40 m;c.溶洞,灰白色次生方解石充填,发育平缝、斜缝和溶蚀孔洞,埋深6 453.74~6 453.92 m;d.构造角砾岩,岩心破碎,以灰岩砾、砂岩砾为主,次生方解石节理发育并见原油外渗,埋深6 453.92~6 454.10 m;e.浅黄灰色角砾岩,塑性灰黑色砂泥岩中发育黄灰色灰岩角砾,埋深6 454.47~6 454.68 m;f.岩心破碎,见灰岩角砾和次生方解石,埋深6 455.20~6 455.30 m;g.灰岩中发育3.0 cm×7.0 cm大小斜缝,斜缝被灰白色次生方解石全充填,埋深6 457.30~6 457.39 m;h.7.0 cm×12.0 cm大小溶洞,灰白色次生方解石全充填,斜缝张开度0.5~1.0 cm,被黑色有机质充填,埋深6 457.39~6 457.51 m;i.灰岩中发育水平缝,灰白色次生方解石全充填,方解石中见灰岩砾石,埋深6 457.51~6 457.72 m;j.灰岩中发育方解石脉和斜缝,斜缝被黑色有机质充填,埋深6 459.07~6 459.28 m;k.溶洞,灰白色次生方解石全充填,发育节理、裂缝和溶蚀孔洞,埋深6 459.79~6 460.15 m"
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