石油与天然气地质 ›› 2010, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 779-794.doi: 10.11743/ogg20100611

• 石油与天然气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

华北古生界原型-变形构造演化及其控油气作用

  

  • 出版日期:2010-12-28 发布日期:2011-02-09

The Paleozoic prototype basins and their tectonic deform ation in North China and their controlling effects upon hydrocarbon accumulation

  • Online:2010-12-28 Published:2011-02-09

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526

被引次数

21

摘要：

在“原型控源、变形控藏”思想的指导下，论述了华北古生界从盆地原型-变形改造的构造演化过程，以及盆地演化对古生界烃源岩分布及其油气演化的控制作用。研究认为，古生代盆地演化主要受控于华北板缘洋-陆构造体制的转换，成盆主要集中在克拉通边缘;早古生代在克拉通边缘依次发育了被动边缘-活动边缘-碰撞边缘的盆地原型，寒武系-奥陶系烃源岩形成于拉张背景下的被动边缘盆地、坳拉槽和台内坳陷;晚古生代石炭—二叠纪盆地主要受控于华北板缘的张裂作用，以及不同时期向克拉通内部产生的不同方向海侵，形成东、西差异的含煤层系和烃源条件。中、新生代成盆作用主要集中在克拉通内部，历经了4次重要的构造变格，总体呈现东西分区、南北分块的构造演化格局，在华北古生界之上并列叠加了挤、滑、张、沉不同构造背景下的多种盆地原型，将古生界改造成块隆、块坳构造;受中、新生代差异的盆地叠加作用，华北古生界形成了持续生烃和具燕山期与喜马拉雅期二次生烃的不同油气演化过程。渤海湾济阳坳陷、临清坳陷东部和南华北周口坳陷中东部处于上古生界二次生烃的有利区，是进一步寻找上古生界晚生晚成型油气藏的主要地区。

关键词: 盆地原型, 构造变格, 盆地叠加, 油气演化, 古生界, 华北

Abstract:

Keeping in m ind the principle summarized as“prototype basin controls the source，tectonic deformation controls the pooling”，the article mainly discusses the tectonic evolution of the Paleozoic from prototype basin to deformation aswell as its controlling effectupon the distribution of the Paleozoic source rocks and the hydrocarbon evolution in North China.It indicates that the evolution of the Paleozoic basinswasmainly controlled by the transition of ocean-continent tectonic system at the edge of North China plate and basins were formed mainly in the marginal area of the craton.The prototype basins developed along themargin of craton in the Early Paleozoic were passive continentalmargin，active continentalmargin and collisional continentalmargin successively.The Cambrian and Ordovician source rockswere developed in passive continentalmargin basins，aulacogen and intraplatform depressions under extensional mechanism.The Permo-Carboniferous basins in the Late Paleozoic were mainly controlled by the extension of theNorth China continentalmargin and transgression ofdifˉferent directions in different periods，form ing coal stratum and source rockswhich were different in the east and west ofNorth China.TheMeso-Cenozoic basinswere concentrated inside the craton andwent through four important tectonic evolution stages，presenting a pattern featured by a W-E zonation and S-N blocking partition.Many kinds of prototype basinswere formed and then stacked or juxtaposed under different tectonic backgrounds such as compression，extension strike-slip and subsidence，transform ing the Paleozoic basins into block uplifts or depressions.Due to a differential superimposition of the Meso-Cenozoic basins，the Paleozoic strata went through two different hydrocarbon generation processes，one is a continuous hydrocarbon generation and the other is secondary hydrocarbon generation during theYanshanian and H imalayan inNorth China.Located in areas favorable for secondary hydrocarbon generation of the Upper Paleozoic source rocks，the Jiyang sag，the east of the Linqing sag in BohaiBay Basin and them iddle and eastof the Zhoukou sag in the southernNorth China are considered good exploration targets for hydrocarbon accumulations.

Key words: prototype basin, tectonic transformation, basin superimposition, hydrocarbon evolution, Paleozoic of North China