四川盆地下古生界五峰组-龙马溪组海相页岩气储层孔隙分类及特征

doi:10.11743/ogg20250302

Abstract

Abstract:

Shale gas reservoirs contain complex inorganic minerals and abundant organic matter， and have experienced a multistage evolutionary process including diagenesis and hydrocarbon generation. All these lead to the formation of diverse pore types with complex origins and formation processes. Internationally， systematic， in-depth studies on the classification of shale gas reservoirs have been conducted generally. However， in China， the genetic classification of these reservoirs largely relies on the criteria used for conventional reservoirs. Accordingly， there remains a lack of detailed studies on the interactions between inorganic minerals and organic matter， as well as on the evolution of inorganic and organic pores and their potential mutual transformation. In this study， we investigate typical marine shale gas reservoirs in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations within the Sichuan Basin. By characterizing pores based on their props， we analyze the characteristics of pores propped by inorganic minerals， organic matter， and a combination of them， and accordingly propose a pore classification scheme in terms of prop types， pore development locations， and pore origins. Using this scheme， pores in marine shale gas reservoirs are categorized into inorganic， organic， and composite pores， each of which are further subdivided. To deepen the pore evolution and transformation， we integrate the diagenetic processes of inorganic minerals with the hydrocarbon generation of organic matter， and thereby the pore evolution in marine shale gas reservoirs can be divided into three distinct stages， namely， the sedimentary to early diagenetic stage， the oil generation stage， and the gas generation stage. The first stage is characterized by the development of abundant inorganic pores， most of which are saturated with water. The oil generation stage features the development of inorganic pores and a small quantity of pores within in situ organic matter （also referred to as in situ organic pores）， which are dominated by oil. The gas generation stage is marked by the formation of numerous pores in migrated organic matter and a small number of inorganic pores. Most of the pores formed in this stage contain gas. By analyzing the evolution of inorganic pores， in situ organic pores， and pores in migrated organic matter， along with the transformation among these pore types， we propose that the evolutionary sequence of high-quality reservoirs consists of the formation of radiolarian-rich siliceous shales during the sedimentary stage， the coupling of biogenic silicon and organic matter during the diagenetic stage， the infilling of liquid hydrocarbons into the intergranular and intercrystalline pores of siliceous minerals during the oil generation stage， and finally， the infilling of asphalt into the intercrystalline pores of siliceous minerals and the development of organic pores within the asphalt during the gas generation stage.

Key words: pore prop, inorganic pore, organic pore, pore classification, shale gas reservoir, Wufeng-Longmaxi formations, Sichuan Basin

CLC Number:

TE122.2

Zongquan HU, Qianru WANG, Baojian SHEN, Dongjun FENG, Wei DU, Chuanxiang SUN. Classification and characteristics of pores in marine shale gas reservoirs in the Lower Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi formations， Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2025, 46(3): 705-718.

Figures/Tables 9

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大类	亚类	支撑载体类型	孔隙成因	形成期	充填物	形状	孔径/nm	数量	有效性
无机矿物孔	粒间孔	各类矿物颗粒	沉积作用	沉积期	沥青	不规则	500 ~ 5 000	多	好
	粒内孔	碳酸盐、长石等颗粒	溶蚀作用	生油窗	无、矿物或沥青	椭圆形	20 ~ 2 000	少	差
	晶间孔	生物石英晶粒	成岩作用	生油窗	沥青	不规则	300 ~ 1 000	多	好
		黏土矿物晶片	成岩作用	生油窗	沥青	板状、多边形	500 ~ 30 000	较多	较好
		黏土矿物晶片	成岩作用	生气窗	页岩气	不规则	500 ~ 2 000	较少	较好
		黄铁矿晶粒	成岩作用	生油窗	沥青	椭圆形	50 ~ 500	较少	较好
有机质孔	原地有机质孔	放射虫	生烃作用	生油气窗	页岩气	圆形	30 ~ 500	多	好
		海绵骨针	生烃作用	生油气窗	页岩气	椭圆形	20 ~ 100	少	较好
		笔石	生烃作用	生油气窗	页岩气	不规则	20 ~ 100	较少	较差
		不明骨屑	生烃作用	生油气窗	页岩气	不规则	30 ~ 100	少	差
	迁移有机质孔	沥青	生烃作用	生气窗	页岩气	圆形、椭圆形	50 ~ 700	多	好
有机质- 无机矿物复合孔		有机质-矿物边界	生烃作用	生油气窗	页岩气	长板状	100 ~ 50 000	较少	较好
		片状黏土矿物-有机质复合体	生烃+成岩作用	生油气窗- 生气窗	页岩气	扁状、不规则	50 ~ 800	较多	较好
		粒状矿物-有机质复合体	生烃+成岩作用	生气窗	页岩气	椭圆形、半椭圆形	50 ~ 1 000	较多	较好

孔隙支撑载体		形态	长度/μm	宽度/μm	占岩石体积比/%
生物碎屑	放射虫	球形	60.0 ~ 100.0	60.0 ~ 100.0	10 ~ 50
	笔石	长条形	10.0	1.0	1 ~ 5
	海绵骨针	圆柱形	70.0	5.0	1 ~ 3
	藻类体	椭球形	5.0	3.0	1 ~ 5
迁移有机质	沥青	不规则	5.0 ~ 10.0	1.0 ~ 3.0	5 ~ 15
颗粒	碳酸盐矿物颗粒	菱形	10.0 ~ 40.0	10.0 ~ 40.0	5 ~ 15
颗粒	碎屑石英颗粒	椭球	10.0 ~ 20.0	3.0 ~ 10.0	0 ~ 20
晶粒及其集合体	生物硅集合体	葡萄状	20.0 ~ 50.0	10.0 ~ 30.0	20 ~ 40
	生物硅晶粒	椭球形	0.3 ~ 1.0	0.2 ~ 0.8	20 ~ 40
	黏土矿物集合体	集束状	30.0 ~ 50.0	3.0 ~ 10.0	10 ~ 30
	黏土矿物晶片	板片形	10.0 ~ 50.0	0.1 ~ 0.3	10 ~ 30
	黄铁矿集合体	草莓状	5.0 ~ 7.0	5.0 ~ 7.0	0 ~ 5
	黄铁矿晶粒	六面体状	0.2 ~ 0.3	0.2 ~ 0.3	0 ~ 5

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Classification and characteristics of pores in marine shale gas reservoirs in the Lower Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi formations， Sichuan Basin

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