湖相盆地中的层序、体系域与隐蔽油气藏

doi:10.11743/ogg20020202

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

湖相盆地层序发育的主要控制因素为构造升降、湖平面变化和沉积物供应速率的变化。叠合盆地区域构造体制的转换是划分一级层序的基础,构造幕的产物构成了二级层序,三级以上层序主要反映岩相古地理与沉积风格的变化。湖相盆地的体系域在不同条件下等时性存在着明显的差异。在一个沉积物源控制的“沉积场”或多个物源控制的多个“沉积场”的可容空间与沉积速率变化的比值都小于 1或都大于 1时,所定义的体系域是等时的。但在不同的“沉积场”之间的可容空间与沉积速率的变化存在明显的非均一性时,在同一等时单元内,可以有不同体系域共生。湖相盆地中隐蔽油气藏的勘探目标主要为断陷型盆地坡折(带)下方的低位砂、砾岩体和坳陷型盆地中两个最大洪泛期泥岩夹持的三角洲前缘相带砂岩体。

关键词: 湖相盆地, 层序, 体系域, 隐蔽油气藏

Abstract:

Main controlling factors of sequence development in lacustrine basins are tectonic uplift and subsidence,lake-level changes,and changes of sediment supply rates.Transformation of regional tectonic regimes in stacked basins is the basis for defining the first-order sequence.Sedimentary products of tectonic episodes consist of the second-order sequence,the third-and higher-order sequences chiefly reflect changes of paleogeography and depositional styles.Isochroneity of system tracts of lacustrine basin under various conditions is obviously different.System tracts defined above are isochronic when change ratios between compatible space of one "sedimentary field" controlled by one extrabasinal sediment supply or multi "sediment fields"controlled by several extrabasinal sediment supplies and sedimentation:rates are all more than 1 or less than 1.Lowstand sandstone and conglomerate bodies controlled by structural break(zone) in fault-depressed type lacustrine basin and delta-front sandstone bodies underlainl and overlain by two largest flooding acustrine mudstones in depressed-type lacustrine basin are main targets for explorating subtle pools.

Key words: lacustrine basin, sequence, system tract, subtle hydrocarbon pool

中图分类号:

P539.2

薛良清. 湖相盆地中的层序、体系域与隐蔽油气藏[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2002, 23(2): 115-120. doi: 10.11743/ogg20020202 Xue Liangqing. SEQUENCES, SYSTEM TRACTS, AND SUBTLE HYDROCARBONPOOLS IN LACUSTRINE BASINS[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2002, 23(2): 115-120. doi: 10.11743/ogg20020202

参考文献

[1] Vail P R.Seismic stratigraphy interpretation using sequence stratigraphy.Part 1:Seismic stratigraphy interpretation procedure[A].In:Bally A W,ed.Atlas of seismic stratigraphy(I) [C].AAPG Studies in Geology,1987,27:1～10
[2] Galloway W E.Genetic stratigraphic sequences in basin analysis I:architecture and genesis of flooding-surface bounded depositional units[J]. AAPG Bull,1989,73(2):125～142
[3] 薛良清.层序地层学在湖相盆地中的应用探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,1990,17(6):29～34
[4] Xue Liangqing,Galloway W E.Genetic sequence stratigraphic framework,depositional style,and hydrocarbon occurrence of the Upper Cretaceous QYN formations in the Songliao lacustrine basin,northeastern China [J].AAPG Bull,1993,77(10):1 792～1 808
[5] 邓宏文.美国层序地层研究中的新学派高分辨率层序地层学[J].石油与天然气地质,1995,16(2):90～97
[6] Vail P R,Mitchum R M Jr,Todd R G,et al.Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level[A].In:Payton C E,ed.Seismic stratigraphy-application of hydrocarbon exploration[C].AAPG Memoir,1977,26:49～212
[7] Posamentier H W,Jervey M T,Vail P R.Eustatic controls on clastic deposition I-conceptual framework[A].In:Wilgus C K,Hastings B S,Kendall C G St C,et al.Sea-level changes:an integrated approach[C].SEPM Special Publication,1988,42:109～124
[8] Posamentier H W,Vail P R.Eustatic controls on clastic deposition Ⅱ-sequence and systems tract models[A].In:Vilgus C K Hastings B S,Kendall C G St C,et al.Sea-level changes:an integrated approach[C].SEPM Special Publication,1988,42:125～154
[9] Galloway W E.Genetic stratigraphic sequences in basin analysis Ⅱ:application to northwest Gulf of Mexico Cenozoic basin [J].AAPG Bull,1989,73(2):143～154
[10] 薛良清.成因层序地层学的回顾与展望[J].沉积学报,2000,18(3):484～488
[11] van Wagoner J C.Overview of sequence stratigraphy of foreland basin deposits:terminology,summary of papers,and glossary of sequence stratigraphy[A].In:van Wagoner J C,Bertram G T,eds.Sequence stratigraphy of foreland basin deposits[C].AAPG Memoir,1995,64:ix～xxi
[12] Mitchum R M Jr,Vail P R,Thompson S Ⅲ.The depositional sequence as a basic unit for stratigraphic analysis[A].In:Payton C E,ed.Seismic stratigraphy[C].AAPG Memoir,1977,26:53～62
[13] Frazier D E.Depositional episodes:their relationship to the Quaternary stratigraphic framework in the northwestern portion of the Gulf basin [M].The University of Texas at Austin,Bureau of Economic Geology Geological Circular 74-1,1974.1～28
[14] 薛良清.论沉积层序级别的划分[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(3):10～14
[15] Xue Liangqing,Chi Yingliu,Cao Yinghui.Sequence stratigraphic framework and hydrocarbon distribution of the Tertiary nonmarine strata in the Bohai Bay rift basin[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,2001,10(2):73～86
[16] 李思田,林畅松,解习农,等.大型陆相盆地层序地层学研究以鄂尔多斯中生代盆地为例[J].地学前缘,1995,2(4):133～136
[17] 池英柳,张万选,张厚福,等.陆相断陷盆地层序成因初探[J].石油学报,1996,17(3):19～25
[18] Jervey M T.Quantitative geological modeling of siliciclastic rock sequences and their seismic expression[A].In:Wilgus C K,Hastings B S,Kendall C G St C,et al.Sea-level changes:an integrated approach[C].SEPM Special Publication,1988,42:47～69
[19] Morton R A,Galloway W E.Depositonal,tectonic and eustatic controls on hydrocarbon distribution in divergent margin basins:Cenozoic Gulf of Mexico case history[J].Marine Geology,1991,102(3～4):239～263
[20] 邓宏文,王洪亮,李熙哲.层序地层地层基准面的识别、对比技术及应用[J].石油与天然气地质,1996,17(3):177～183
[21] 徐怀大.陆相层序地层学研究中的某些问题[J].石油与天然气地质,1997,18(2):83～89
[22] Xue Liangqing,Galloway W E.High-resolution depositional framework of the Paleocene middle Wilcox strata,Texas coastal plain[J].AAPG Bull,1995,79(2):205～230
[23] 魏魁生,徐怀大.华北典型箕状断陷盆地层序地层学模式及其与油气赋存关系[J].地球科学中国地质大学学报,1993,18(2):139～149
[24] 操应长.断陷湖盆层序地层下降体系域的划分[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2000,24(1):22～25
[25] 林畅松,潘元林,肖建新,等.构造坡折带断陷湖盆层序和油气预测的重要概念[J].地球科学中国地质大学学报,2000,25(3):260～267
[26] 冯有良,李思田.东营凹陷沙河街组三段层序低位域砂体特征[J].地质论评,2001,47(3):279～286
[27] 胡见义,徐树宝,刘淑萱,等.非构造油气藏[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1986.69～145
[28] 顾家裕.陆相盆地层序地层学格架概念及模式[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,22(4):6～10
[29] 朱筱敏.含油气断陷湖盆盆地分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.148～169
[30] 徐怀大.寻找非构造油气藏的新思路[J].勘探家,1996,1(1):43～47
[31] 孙永传.水下冲积扇一个找油的新领域[J].石油实验地质,1980,2(3):32～41