层序界面类型及其对优质碳酸盐岩储层形成与分布的控制

doi:10.11743/ogg20140612

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 碳酸盐岩地层中存在大量的不同级次和不同成因类型的层序界面.与这些层序界面有关的各种地质作用控制着碳酸盐岩储层的发育.依据构造运动强弱和海平面升降的相对幅度和持续时间,层序界面可分为6个级次.其中较大级次的层序界面(Ⅰ到Ⅲ级)与各种不整合面相对应,较小级次的层序界面主要与海泛面或局部的沉积事件相对应.Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级层序界面主要控制了规模性的岩溶型储层的形成,岩溶古地貌位置对储层形成和保持的影响最大.处于不同古地貌位置的岩溶作用的控制因素和储层发育程度差异较大.Ⅲ级层序界面整体岩溶作用较弱,储层分布相对局限,但与台缘、台内礁滩相储层发育与分布的关系最为密切,层序界面对沉积相和成岩有着双重控制.Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级层序界面由于暴露时间较短,在缺乏后期成岩作用改造的情况下,难以形成规模性的储层.由于层序界面类型和级别以及所对应的地质作用存在很大的差异性,导致不同类型、不同级别层序界面对碳酸盐岩储层形成与分布的影响也不尽相同.因此,通过精细的层序划分和层序界面的识别与描述,可以有效地预测和评价各种碳酸盐岩储层,当然,也需要综合考虑沉积充填样式、相带展布、构造变形和流体活动等多方面因素.

关键词: 层序界面级次, 层序界面类型, 碳酸盐岩, 优质储层

Abstract: Carbonate sequences contain sequence boundaries of various orders and genetic types. Accordingly, the development of the carbonate reservoirs was controlled by various geological processes in association with those sequence boundaries. In general, the sequence boundaries could be categorized into six orders according to the magnitude of tecto-nic movement, and the relative range and the duration of sea level change. Among these boundaries, the sequence boundaries of higher orders of (Ⅰ to Ⅲ) correspond to various unconformities, while that of the lower orders correspond to flooding surfaces or local deposition events. The formation of the scaled karst reservoir was controlled by the I- and II-order sequence boundaries, and the ancient geomorphic location of the karst landform had the most significant effect on the formation and preservation of the reservoir. There was a clear deviation between the degree of the reservoir development and the controlling factors of karstification in various ancient geomorphic locations. As a whole, the karstification was relatively weak in the third-order sequence boundary with a limited reservoir distribution, but was still closely related to the formation and distribution of the platform margin and the reef flat face. There was a dual-control on both the deposition and diagenesis by the third-order boundary as well. The exposure times were relatively short in the fourth-order and fifth-order sequence boundaries. As a result, large scale reservoirs were rare due to the lack of post-diagenesis effect. The types and orders of the sequence boundaries have various influences on the formation and distribution of the carbonate reservoir owing to different geological processes. Thus, the prediction and evaluation of the carbonate reservoirs could be carried out by the fine division of sequences, recognition and description of the sequence boundaries. However, the deposition filling pattern, facies belts distribution, structural deformation and fluid movement should also be taken into consideration.

Key words: order of sequence boundary, type of sequence boundary, carbonate rock, quality reservoir

中图分类号:

TE121.3

何治亮,高志前,张军涛,等. 层序界面类型及其对优质碳酸盐岩储层形成与分布的控制[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2014, 35(6): 853-859. doi: 10.11743/ogg20140612 He Zhiliang,Gao Zhiqian,Zhang Juntao,et al. Types of sequence boundaries and their control over formation and distribution of quality carbonate reservoirs[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2014, 35(6): 853-859. doi: 10.11743/ogg20140612

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