退积型浅水三角洲沉积演化特征及砂体展布规律——以松辽盆地北部临江地区下白垩统泉头组四段为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20160612

石油与天然气地质 ›› 2016, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 903-914.doi: 10.11743/ogg20160612

退积型浅水三角洲沉积演化特征及砂体展布规律——以松辽盆地北部临江地区下白垩统泉头组四段为例

蔡全升^1,2, 胡明毅^1,2, 胡忠贵^1,2, 杨静静¹, 岳鑫³, 邱小松⁴

1. 长江大学油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430100;
2. 长江大学地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430100;
3. 中国石油青海油田分公司采油一厂, 青海茫崖 816400;
4. 中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院, 河北廊坊 065007

收稿日期:2015-10-21 修回日期:2016-07-15 出版日期:2016-12-08 发布日期:2017-01-02
通讯作者: 胡明毅(1965-),男,教授、博士生导师,沉积学与层序地层学。E-mail:humingyi65@163.com。 E-mail:humingyi65@163.com
作者简介:蔡全升(1988-),男,博士研究生,地震沉积学与层序地层学。E-mail:cqsh0713@163.com。
基金资助:
国家油气重大科技专项（2011ZX05007-002-001）。

Sedimentary evolution and distribution of sand bodies of retrogradational shallow-water delta: A case study from 4^th member of the Cretaceous Quantou Formation in the Lingjiang area,Songliao Basin

Cai Quansheng^1,2, Hu Mingyi^1,2, Hu Zhonggui^1,2, Yang Jingjing¹, Yue Xin³, Qiu Xiaosong⁴

1. Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil-Gas Resource of Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei 430100, China;
2. School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei 430100, China;
3. First Oil Production Plant of Qinghai Oilfield, PetroChina, Mangya, Qinghai 816400, China;
4. Langfang Branch of PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Langfang, Hebei 065007, China

Received:2015-10-21 Revised:2016-07-15 Online:2016-12-08 Published:2017-01-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 浅水三角洲沉积砂体已经成为现今油气勘探的重点对象，进一步深化浅水三角洲沉积特征及砂体展布规律研究，对于加快该类砂岩储层的油气勘探具有重要意义。为此，以松辽盆地北部临江地区下白垩统泉头组四段为研究对象，在总结前人研究成果的基础上，结合岩心、录井、测井以及地震资料，对湖盆扩张期退积型浅水三角洲沉积特征及砂体展布规律进行了深入研究。研究认为：退积型浅水三角洲沉积水体具有波动式上升的特征，沉积物粒度随着水体的加深逐渐变细，泥岩颜色自下至上逐渐由氧化色向还原色过渡，受水体短期波动影响，紫红色或灰绿色泥岩常交替出现。退积型浅水三角洲沉积环境仍然以三角洲平原和前缘沉积为主，随着沉积水体的加深，沉积相边界迅速向陆地迁移，但实际上在沉积演化过程中通常还存在着多次短期的湖平面升降和相带边界的双向迁移，从而使得在远离湖岸的区域出现河道沉积。河道沉积砂体是退积型浅水三角洲砂体的主要构成部分，在湖平面上升过程中河道砂体发育规模逐渐减弱，表现为纵向上连续沉积砂岩厚度逐渐变薄，并且河道砂体末端在湖浪作用下常呈现席状砂化。平面上由陆向湖河道砂体发育期次逐渐减少，湖平面大规模上升之前的三角洲平原和近岸三角洲前缘区域沉积砂体最为发育，是岩性油气藏勘探的有利目标区。

关键词: 退积, 浅水三角洲, 砂体展布, 泉四段, 临江地区, 松辽盆地

Abstract: Sedimentary sand bodies of shallow-water delta has become one of the main target areas of the current exploration.Thus a further study on sedimentary evolution and distribution of sand bodies of shallow-water delta should be of great importance for exploration.The 4^th member of Cretaceous Quantou Formation in Linjiang area provides an interesting example to study sedimentary evolution and distribution of sand bodies of shallow-water delta during the stage of lake transgression in detail.The work is based both on previous research and on a combination of cores,well logging and seismic data.The results show that delta plain and delta front are still the main component of retrogradational shallow-water delta,whose sediment grain size becomes gradually finer upwards,and the color of mudstone component shifts from aubergine to celadon controlled by short-term fluctuation of sedimentary water.With rise of lake water level,sedimentary facies boundaries moved quickly towards land.However,this movement is superimposed by multiple shorter-term fluctuations of lake level and bi-directional migration of facies boundary,and the channel sandstones can form quite some distance away from lake shore.As the main type of sand bodies of retrogradational shallow-water delta,the size of channel sandstone reduced gradually during lake transgression,showing increasing thinning of sand thickness upwards.The channels terminate as distributary sheet sands,reformed by infra-littoral wave.On the plane view,the cycles of channel development become fewer from proximal to distal.Channel sandstone of delta plain and nearshore delta front,which mainly developed before large-scale lake transgression,is favorable targets for oil-gas exploration.

Key words: retrogradation, shallow-water delta, distribution of sand bodies, 4^th member of Quantou Formation, Linjiang area, Songliao Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.3

蔡全升,胡明毅,胡忠贵,等. 退积型浅水三角洲沉积演化特征及砂体展布规律——以松辽盆地北部临江地区下白垩统泉头组四段为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2016, 37(6): 903-914. doi: 10.11743/ogg20160612 Cai Quansheng,Hu Mingyi,Hu Zhonggui,et al. Sedimentary evolution and distribution of sand bodies of retrogradational shallow-water delta: A case study from 4^th member of the Cretaceous Quantou Formation in the Lingjiang area,Songliao Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2016, 37(6): 903-914. doi: 10.11743/ogg20160612

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退积型浅水三角洲沉积演化特征及砂体展布规律——以松辽盆地北部临江地区下白垩统泉头组四段为例

Sedimentary evolution and distribution of sand bodies of retrogradational shallow-water delta: A case study from 4^th member of the Cretaceous Quantou Formation in the Lingjiang area,Songliao Basin

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退积型浅水三角洲沉积演化特征及砂体展布规律——以松辽盆地北部临江地区下白垩统泉头组四段为例

Sedimentary evolution and distribution of sand bodies of retrogradational shallow-water delta: A case study from 4th member of the Cretaceous Quantou Formation in the Lingjiang area,Songliao Basin

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Sedimentary evolution and distribution of sand bodies of retrogradational shallow-water delta: A case study from 4^th member of the Cretaceous Quantou Formation in the Lingjiang area,Songliao Basin