渤海A油田扇三角洲相低渗储层特征及物性控制因素

doi:10.11743/ogg20170108

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为弄清渤海A油田沙三下亚段的储层特征及物性控制因素，利用薄片、扫描电镜、压汞及常规物性等分析化验资料，分析了储层的岩石成分、孔隙类型及结构、物性特征，并从沉积、成岩和构造作用等方面探讨了储层物性的控制因素。研究表明，沙三下亚段扇三角洲储层主要由成分成熟度低的岩屑长石砂岩组成，孔隙类型主要为原生粒间孔、溶蚀孔及残余原生孔组成的混合孔，孔喉结构表现为微细-细特征，属于低、特低孔-特低渗储层。储层物性主要受控于沉积作用、溶蚀作用及构造活动等。扇三角洲前缘分流河道及河口砂坝沉积环境控制了砂岩碎屑颗粒的粒度和分选，物性较好。压实和胶结作用是储层低渗的主要原因，有机酸对长石、岩屑的溶蚀造成了储层次生孔隙的发育，异常高压的形成减弱了压实作用的强度，促进了原生粒间孔的保存。构造活动形成的断层附近裂缝发育，有助于改善储层物性。综合分析认为，水动力较强的原始沉积环境、后期溶蚀改造及裂缝发育是相对高孔渗储层发育的主控因素。

关键词: 成岩作用, 储层物性, 沙河街组, 扇三角洲, 渤海湾盆地

Abstract:

In order to understand reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of the lower 3^rd Member of Shahejie Formation(E₂s^3L) in Bohai A oilfield,we studied the lithological composition,pore types and structure,porosity and permeability distribution and discussed the controlling factors of petrophysical properties of the reservoirs from sedimentary,diagenetic and tectonic perspectives based on thin section,scanning electron microscopy (SEM),mercury injection and other conventional lab test data.The results show that the reservoirs of fan delta facies in E₂s^3L have low to ultra-low poro-sity and ultra-low permeability.They are composed of lithic arkosic sandstone with low compositional maturity,their main pore throat types are primary intergranular pore,dissolution pore and residual pore,and the pore throat structure is fine to micro.The reservoir properties were controlled by various factors,including sedimentation,dissolution and tectonic movements etc.Sedimentary environment of distributary channel and mouth bar at fan delta front controlled the grain size and sorting of the reservoir,resulting in relatively good reservoir properties.Compaction and cementation were the main factors causing the low permeability,however,dissolution of feldspar and detritus components by organic acids formed secondary pores,and the abnormal high pressure in the reservoir weakened compaction and helped the preservation of primary intergranular pores.Fractures are well developed near the faults formed by various tectonic movements,which also helped to improve the physical properity of the reservoirs.Through comprehensive analysis of all available data,we can conclude that strong hydrodynamic depositional environment,later dissolution and well-developed fracture network are the main factors that control the formation of the reservoirs with relatively high porosity and permeability.

Key words: diagenesis, physical properity, Shahejie Formation, fan delta, Bohai Bay Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

周军良,胡勇,李超,等. 渤海A油田扇三角洲相低渗储层特征及物性控制因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2017, 38(1): 71-78. doi: 10.11743/ogg20170108 Zhou Junliang,Hu Yong,Li Chao,et al. Characteristics and controlling factors of fan delta facies low permeability reservoirs in Bohai A oilfield, the Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2017, 38(1): 71-78. doi: 10.11743/ogg20170108

参考文献

[1] 任拥军,杜雨佳,郭潇潇,等.渤中凹陷古近系优质烃源岩特征及分布[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(1):5-13. Ren Yongjun,Du Yujia,Guo Xiaoxiao,et al.Characteristics and distribution of Paleogene high-quality source rocks in Bozhong sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(1):5-13.
[2] 蒋有录,刘培,刘华,等.渤海湾盆地不同凹陷新近系油气成藏条件差异性及聚集模式[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(1):14-21. Jiang Youlu,Liu Pei,Liu Hua,et al.Difference of reservoir forming conditions of different depressions and accumulation models of Neogene hydrocarbon in Bohai Bay[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2014,38(1):14-21.
[3] 周军良,胡勇,李超,等.渤海典型低孔低渗油藏储层预测及效果-以渤海A油田沙河街组二段为例[J].海相油气地质,2016,21(4):73-77. Zhou Junliang,Hu Yong,Li Chao,et al.Reservoir prediction and result of classical Eocene Shahejie-2 reservoir with low porosity and low permeability in Oilfield A,Bohaiwan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2016,21(4):73-77.
[4] 邓运华,李建平.渤中25-1油田勘探评价过程中地质认识的突破[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(6):646-652. Deng Yunhua,Li Jianping.Breakthroughs of geological concepts in exploration and evaluation of BZ25-1 field[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(6):643-652.
[5] 杨玉卿,潘福熙,田洪,等.渤中25-1油田沙河街组低孔低渗储层特征及分类评价[J].现代地质,2010,24(4):685-693. Yang Yuqing,Pan Fuxi,Tian Hong,et al.Characteristics and classification and evaluation of low porosity and permeability reservoir in Shahejie Formation of BZ25-1 Oilfield[J].Geoscience,2010,24(4):685-693.
[6] 吉双文.渤海湾盆地喜马拉雅运动幕次划分及演化特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(4):38-42. Ji Shuangwen.The kinematic phase division and evolution character of Himalayan Movement in Bohaiwan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2007,26(4):38-42.
[7] 项华,徐长贵.渤海海域古近系隐蔽油气藏层序地层学特征[J].石油学报,2006,27(2):11-15. Xiang Hua,Xu Changgui.Sequence stratigraphic characteristics of subtle oil-gas pool in the Palaeogene of Bohai Sea area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(2):11-15.
[8] 周士科,魏泽典,邓宏文,等.渤中凹陷古近系构造层序研究[J].中国海上油气,2006,18(4):236-254. Zhou Shike,Wei Zedian,Deng Hongwen,et al.A study on Paleogene tectonic sequences in Bozhong sag[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2006,18(4):236-254.
[9] 孟昊,钟大康,李超,等.渤海湾盆地渤中坳陷渤中25-1油田古近系沙河街组沙二段沉积相及演化[J].古地理学报,2016,18(2):161-172. Meng Hao,Zhong Dakang,Li Chao,et al.Sedimentary facies and evolution of the Member 2 of Paleogene Shahejie Formation of BZ25-1 Oilfield in Bozhong Depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J].2016,18(2):161-172.
[10] 胡光义,陈飞,范廷恩,等.渤海海域S油田新近系明化镇组河流相复合砂体叠置样式分析[J].沉积学报,2014,32(3):586-592. Hu Guangyi,Chen Fei,Fan Ting-en,et al.Analysis of fluvial facies compound sandbody architecture of the Neogene Minghuazhen Formation of S Oilfield in the Bohai Bay[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(3):586-592.
[11] Tobin R C,McClain T,Lieber R B,et al.Reservoir quality modeling of tight-gas sands in Wamsutter field:Integration of diagenesis,petroleum systems,and production data[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(8):1229-1266.
[12] 朱筱敏,吴冬,张昕,等.东营凹陷沙河街组近岸水下扇低渗储层成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(5):646-653. Zhu Xiaomin,Wu Dong,Zhang Xin,et al.Genesis of low permeability reservoirs of nearshore subaqueous fan in Shahejie Formation in Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2014,35(5):646-653.
[13] 朱春俊,王延斌.大牛地气田低渗储层成因及评价[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(1):49-56. Zhu Chunjun,Wang Yanbin.Reservoir genesis and evaluation for the low porosity and permeability sandstone in the Daniudi gas field[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition),2011,33(1):49-56.
[14] 黄志龙,朱建成,马剑,等.莺歌海盆地东方区高温高压带黄流组储层特征及高孔低渗成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(2):288-296. Huang Zhilong,Zhu Jiancheng,Ma Jian,et al.Characteristics and genesis of high-porosity and low-permeability reservoirs in the Huangliu Formation of high temperature and high pressure zone in Dongfang area,Yinggehai Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2015,36(2):288-296.
[15] 朱筱敏,米立军,钟大康,等.济阳坳陷古近系成岩作用及其对储层质量的影响[J].古地理学报,2006,8(3):296-305. Zhu Xiaomin,Mi Liju,Zhong Dakang,et al.Paleogene diagenesis and its control on reservoir quality in Jiyang Depression[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2006,8(3):296-305.
[16] 魏巍,朱筱敏,谈明轩,等.查干凹陷下白垩统扇三角洲相储层特征及物性影响因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(3):447-455. Wei Wei,Zhu Xiaomin,Tan Mingxuan,et al.Reservoir characteristics and influences on poroperm characteristics of the Lower Cretaceous fan-delta facies in Chagan Depression[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2015,36(3):447-455.
[17] Worden R H,Burley S D.Sandstone diagenesis:The evolution of sand to stone[M]//Burley S D,Worden R H.Sandstone diagenesis:Recent and ancient.Reprint Series Volume 4 of the International Association of Sedimentologist.Oxford:Blackwell Science,2003:3-44.
[18] 丁文龙,王兴华,胡秋嘉,等.致密砂岩储层裂缝研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2015,30(7):737-750. Ding Wenlong,Wang Xinghua,Hu Qiujia,et al.Progress in tight sandstone reservoir fractures research[J].Advances in Earth Science,2015,30(7):737-750.
[19] 李桂范,李建平,王根照,等.渤中坳陷青东凹陷古近系沙三下亚段构造-古地貌对沉积的控制[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(4):425-430. Li Guifan,Li Jianping,Wang Genzhao,et al.Control of structure-paleogeomorphology on the deposition of the lower part of the third member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Qingdong Sag of the Bozhong Depression[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2009,30(4):425-430.
[20] Bloch S,Lander R H,Bonnell L.Anomalously high porosity and permeability in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs:Origin and predictability[J].America Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2002,86(2):301-328.
[21] 薛宗安,赵玉宏,吴义平,等.渤海湾盆地歧北斜坡沙河街组储层特征及形成机理[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(2):280-287. Xue Zong'an,Zhao Yuhong,Wu Yiping,et al.Characteristics and forming mechanisms of reservoirs in the Shahejie Formation of Qibei slope,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2015,36(2):280-287.
[22] 常海亮,郑荣才,王强.阿姆河盆地中-下侏罗统砂岩储层特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(6):985-993. Chang Hailiang,Zheng Rongcai,Wang Qiang.Characteristics of Lower-Middle Jurassic sandstone reservoirs in Amu Darya Basin,Turkmenistan[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2015,36(6):985-993.
[23] 杨田,操应长,王艳忠,等.渤南洼陷沙四下亚段扇三角洲前缘优质储层成因[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2015,40(12):2067-2079. Yang Tian,Cao Yingchang,Wang Yanzhong,et al.Genesis of high-quality reservoirs of fan delta front in lower part of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation in Bonan subsag[J].Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),2015,40(12):2067-2079.