致密碎屑岩储层岩石破裂特征及脆性评价方法

doi:10.11743/ogg20180616

石油与天然气地质 ›› 2018, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 1270-1279.doi: 10.11743/ogg20180616

致密碎屑岩储层岩石破裂特征及脆性评价方法

王升^1,2,3, 柳波^1,2, 付晓飞^1,2, 赵万春^1,2

1. 东北石油大学非常规油气研究院, 黑龙江大庆 163318;
2. 东北石油大学 "非常规油气成藏与开发"省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地, 黑龙江大庆 163318;
3. 东北石油大学电子科学学院, 黑龙江大庆 163318

收稿日期:2018-01-04 修回日期:2018-08-20 出版日期:2018-12-28 发布日期:2018-10-22
通讯作者: 柳波(1983-),男,教授,非常规油气地质。E-mail:liubo@nepu.edu.cn。 E-mail:liubo@nepu.edu.cn
作者简介:王升(1980-),男,副教授,岩石力学。E-mail:wangsheng10@126.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41472125）;国家自然科学重点基金项目（U1562214）；国家科技重大专项（2016ZX05024005006）。

Evaluation of the brittleness and fracturing characteristics for tight clastic reservoir

Wang Sheng^1,2,3, Liu Bo^1,2, Fu Xiaofei^1,2, Zhao Wanchun^1,2

1. Institute of Unconventional Oil & Gas, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163318, China;
2. State Key Laboratory Base of Unconventional Oil and Gas Accumulation and Exploitation, College of Earth Science, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163318, China;
3. College of Electronic Science, Northeasterm Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163318, China

Received:2018-01-04 Revised:2018-08-20 Online:2018-12-28 Published:2018-10-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究致密碎屑岩储层岩石破裂特征及脆性评价方法对致密油压裂优化设计具有重要意义。文章以辽河盆地沙河街组致密碎屑岩储层为例，开展了不同岩性岩石的三轴压缩实验，分析了宏观破裂行为和压后岩石显微裂缝的发育类型，通过对比常规的弹性参数法和矿物组分法等脆性评价方法，建立了基于三轴压缩破裂过程中能量守恒的新脆性评价方法。实验表明，岩石破裂特征受控于岩石脆性和岩石所处的围压条件。一方面，脆性较强的岩石主要发育穿晶张裂缝，随着脆性程度减弱，裂缝数量逐渐减少，类型则以晶内裂缝为主；另一方面，随着围压增加，压裂后岩石内部微裂缝类型从穿粒张裂缝向晶内裂缝过渡，说明围压极大地抑制了微裂缝的扩展。传统弹性参数法表征的脆性结果与实验描述的脆性破裂特征相反（即脆性指数高，而岩石破裂程度差），而矿物组分法不能描述不同围压下岩石的脆性程度。本文提出的新脆性评价方法，可以连续地描述岩石从超脆性到韧性变形的力学演化过程，脆性指数不仅与峰前的杨氏模量有关，而且还与峰后应力降梯度（软化模量）有关。利用该方法表征了不同围压下致密砂岩脆性程度，其结果与实验描述岩石脆性破裂特征相符合，证实了方法的可行性。

关键词: 脆性指数, 三轴压缩实验, 围压, 岩石破裂, 致密储层, 致密油

Abstract: The way to evaluate the fracturing characters and brittleness of tight clastic reservoir is of significant value for optimizing hydraulic fracturing design of tight oil reservoir.We performed tri-axial compression experiments on rock samples of various lithologies taken from the tight clastic reservoir in the Shahejie Formation,Liaohe Basin,analyzed the macroscopic fracturing behaviours and the types of microscopic hydraulic fractures.After considering such brittleness evaluation methods as conventional elastic parameter method and mineral composition method,a new method to evaluate rock brittleness was proposed based on the conservation of energy during triaxial compression.The experimental results show that the fracturing characteristics of rocks are controlled by rock brittleness and its confining pressure.On the one hand,rocks with higher brittleness usually develop transgranular tension cracks,and as the brittleness declines,the number of cracks decreases and the cracks are mainly intragranular.On the other hand,the confining pressure greatly refrains the propagation of micro-fractures,since the transgranular tension cracks turn into intragranular cracks as the confining pressure increases.The brittleness obtained with conventional elastic parameter method is just opposite to that obtained through experiments (i.e.the brittleness is high,but the fracturing degree of rock is low),while the mineral composition method cannot be used to differentiate the degrees of rock brittleness under different confining pressures.The new method proposed in this study can describe the complete mechanical evolution process of rocks transforming from super brittleness to ductility.The brittle indexes are correlated not only with pre-peak Young’s modulus but also with post-peak stress gradient(softening modulus).All in all,the method can be used to describe the tight sandstone brittleness under different confining pressures,and the results coincide with the fracturing behaviours of rock obtained through experiments,verifying the feasibility of the method.

Key words: brittleness index, triaxial compression experiment, confining pressure, rock fracturing, tight reservoir, tight oil

中图分类号:

TE135

王升,柳波,付晓飞,等. 致密碎屑岩储层岩石破裂特征及脆性评价方法[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2018, 39(6): 1270-1279. doi: 10.11743/ogg20180616 Wang Sheng,Liu Bo,Fu Xiaofei,et al. Evaluation of the brittleness and fracturing characteristics for tight clastic reservoir[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2018, 39(6): 1270-1279. doi: 10.11743/ogg20180616

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致密碎屑岩储层岩石破裂特征及脆性评价方法

Evaluation of the brittleness and fracturing characteristics for tight clastic reservoir

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