Orinoco重油带重油成藏特征

doi:10.11743/ogg20130306

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以油气成藏理论为基础,对Orinoco重油带的重油成藏条件进行了分析,总结了其成藏特征,预测了未来的勘探方向。重油带处于宽缓的前陆斜坡带,构造活动较弱,发育少量正断层。烃源岩为上白垩统Guayuta群浅海相泥岩,沉积厚度大,有机质丰富,生烃潜力大;储层主要为中新统Oficina组和渐新统Merecure组三角洲相砂岩,砂体呈大范围席状分布特征,在东西方向上厚度展布稳定,向南逐渐变薄,埋藏较浅,胶结程度低,孔隙度高,渗透率高,储集性能优越。重油带的封盖条件多样,封堵层包括储层顶部的区域性盖层和沥青、储层之间的层间泥岩以及储层侧面的下伏前白垩系基岩。圈闭类型以岩性-地层型圈闭为主,断层、不整合和层内砂岩共同构成了原油的运移通道。原油在晚中新世的长距离运移阶段和上新世—更新世的大规模成藏阶段遭受生物降解等作用而变稠。通过对成藏条件的分析,认为重油成藏具有生储盖优越、运移距离长和稠变作用强的特征。重油带的成藏模式为长距离运移降解和大规模集中浅成藏。重油带的重油资源潜力巨大,对其未来勘探,在勘探层位上以Oficina组为主,在勘探区带上以西部区带为主,在圈闭类型上以地层相关圈闭为主。

关键词: 生物降解, 成藏特征, 勘探领域, 重油, Orinoco重油带, 石油地质学

Abstract: Based on the theory of oil and gas accumulation,the heavy oil accumulation conditions and characteristics of the Orinoco heavy oil belt were analyzed,and the exploration direction was pointed out.The Orinoco heavy oil belt is situated in the foreland slope region of low relief.Tectonic activity is weak and several small normal faults are developed in this region.The Upper Cretaceous Guayuta Group neritic shale is the main source rock,which features in large thickness,high abundance of organic matter and large hydrocarbon generation potential.The main reservoirs are sandstones of delta facies in the Miocene Oficina Formation and Oligocene Merecure Formation.They are characterized by large sheet-like distribution,stable thickness in East-West direction but decreasing thickness southwards,shallow buried depth,low degree of cementation,high porosity and high permeability,thus their reservoir properties are supreme.There are multiple seals such as regional cap rocks and bitumen overlying the reservoir,mudstone layers between reservoirs,and the underlying pre-Cretaceous basement at the side of reservoirs.The main trap type is lithologic stratigraphic trap.Fault,unconformity and connected sandstones are the major hydrocarbon migration pathways.Oil became viscose due to biodegradation during the long distance migration in the late Miocene and large-scale accumulation in Pliocene-Pleistocene.The accumulation of heavy oil has the characteristics of excellent source-reservoir-seal combination,long migration distance and strong viscosifying action.The accumulation model of heavy oil is long distance migration and biodegradation,large scale centralized accumulation in shallow reservoirs.Resources potential is huge in the Orinoco heavy oil belt.The Oficina formation is the key exploration target.The western part of the Orinoco heavy oil belt is the major exploration domain.Stratigraphic traps are the key trap type.

Key words: biodegradation, accumulation characteristics, exploration domain, heavy oil, Orinoco heavy oil belt, petroleum geology

中图分类号:

TE122.3

刘亚明,谢寅符,马中振,等. Orinoco重油带重油成藏特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2013, 34(3): 315-322. doi: 10.11743/ogg20130306 Liu Yaming,Xie Yinfu,Ma Zhongzhen,et al. Heavy oil accumulation characteristics of the Orinoco heavy oil belt[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2013, 34(3): 315-322. doi: 10.11743/ogg20130306

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