中国南方海相地层牛蹄塘组页岩气“甜点段”识别和优选

doi:10.11743/ogg20200515

石油与天然气地质 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 1048-1059.doi: 10.11743/ogg20200515

中国南方海相地层牛蹄塘组页岩气“甜点段”识别和优选

吴诗情^1,²(), 郭建华^1,^2,*(), 李智宇^1,², 秦明阳^1,², 黄俨然^1,^2,³, 何昊楠⁴

1. 中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院, 湖南长沙 410083
2. 有色金属成矿预测与地质环境监测教育部重点实验室(中南大学), 湖南长沙 410083
3. 湖南科技大学页岩气资源利用湖南省重点实验室, 湖南湘潭 411201
4. 中国石油大学(北京) 克拉玛依校区, 新疆克拉玛依 834000

收稿日期:2019-07-04 出版日期:2020-10-28 发布日期:2020-10-22
通讯作者: 郭建华 E-mail:sunshine0827@csu.edu.cn;gjh796@csu.edu.cn
第一作者简介:吴诗情(1989-),女,博士研究生,非常规油气地质。E-mail:sunshine0827@csu.edu.cn
基金项目:
国家自然科学基金项目(41603046);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2017JJ1034);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2017GK2233)

Identification and optimization of shale gas "sweet spots" in marine Niutitang Formation, South China

Shiqing Wu^1,²(), Jianhua Guo^1,^2,*(), Zhiyu Li^1,², Mingyang Qin^1,², Yanran Huang^1,^2,³, Haonan He⁴

1. School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
2. Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring(Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
3. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Exploitation, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
4. China University of Petroleum(Beijing) at Karamay, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China

Received:2019-07-04 Online:2020-10-28 Published:2020-10-22
Contact: Jianhua Guo E-mail:sunshine0827@csu.edu.cn;gjh796@csu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探索中国南方海相地层牛蹄塘组原始储层中页岩气赋存状态，笔者采用了液氮低温吸附/脱附实验和甲烷等温吸附实验等手段，分别表征了页岩对吸附气和游离气的储集能力；同时结合典型井的含气性特点，研究页岩气的赋存机理，识别和优选出了研究区储层的“甜点段”。结果表明，牛蹄塘组发育1~2层富有机质页岩（有机碳含量TOC>2.0%），岩性以黑色硅质页岩为主；储层微观主要发育有机质孔（两端开口的圆柱孔），粘土矿物层间孔（四面开口的狭窄平板孔）以及粒间孔和晶间孔（四面开口的锥形平板孔），而最重要的孔隙类型是有机质孔。牛蹄塘组含气性普遍较差，但慈页1井残余气体积分数高达69.7%。理论计算和现场实验结果均表明，牛蹄塘组页岩储层赋存甲烷特征变化随TOC发生改变，由于有机质孔的孔径较小（一般仅为几十纳米以下），导致原始储层中赋存吸附气能力较强，而赋存游离气能力较弱。随着有机质质量分数的增加，岩石的弹性模量逐渐降低，但泊松比却逐渐增加。牛蹄塘组“甜点段”具有“甜”和“脆”的特点，即厚度为20~40 m，TOC含量为4%~8%，石英质量分数超过40%，粘土矿物质量分数30%~40%，碳酸盐岩质量分数低于20%，V_BJH在（10~17）×10^-3 cm³/g，V_L在4~6 cm³/g，游离气体积分数超过40%，弹性模量为25~35 GPa，泊松比为0.20~0.25，整体上，牛蹄塘组“甜点段”主要发育在深水陆棚泥质相带，且游离气富集能力强的层段。

关键词: 甜点, 页岩气, 牛蹄塘组, 海相地层, 中国南方

Abstract:

Low-temperature adsorption/desorption of liquid nitrogen and isothermal adsorption of methane were used to characterize the shale reservoir capacity for adsorbed gas and free gas so as to describe the occurrence of shale gas in the original reservoirs of the Niutitang Formation in southern China.Combined with the gas-bearing properties of typical wells, the occurrence mechanism of the shale gas was studied and the "sweet spots" were identified and optimized in the study area.The results show that 1 to 2 layers of organic-rich shale dominated by black siliceous shale are developed in the Niutitang Formation (TOC>2.0%).Organic-matter pores (cylindrical pores with both ends open), interlayer pores of clay mineral (narrow parallel-plate pores with four sides open) and intergranular and intercrystalline pores (conical parallel-plate pores with four sides open) are developed with the organic-matter pores being the most important.The Niutitang Formation is generally poor in gas-bearing properties, except for one well (Well Ciye 1) measured with a residual gas volume fraction of as high as 69.7%.Both theoretical calculation and field experiments have shown that the occurrence of methane in Niutitang Formation shale reservoirs vary with TOC.Due to the relatively small organic-matter pore size (usually smaller than tens of nanometers), the original reservoirs in the formation store more adsorbed gas than free gas.With the increase of organic matter mass fraction, the elastic modulus of rocks decreases and the Poisson's ratio increases gradually.The "sweet spots" in the Niutitang Formation are characterized by "sweetness" and "brittleness", i.e.they have greater thickness (20-40 m) and high TOC values between 4% and 8%, high quartz mass fraction (>40%) and clay mineral mass fraction (30%-40%), low carbonate rock mass fraction (< 20%), a V_BJH of (10-17)×10^-3 cm³/g, a V_L of 4-6 cm³/g, a free gas volume fraction of more than 40%, an elasticity modulus of 25~35 GPa and a Poisson's ratio of 0.20~0.25.In short, the "sweet spots" in the Niutitang Formation are mainly developed in deep shelf argillaceous facies with high free gas storage capacity.

Key words: shale gas, sweet spot, Niutitang Formation, marine formation, South China

中图分类号:

TE122.2

吴诗情,郭建华,李智宇,等. 中国南方海相地层牛蹄塘组页岩气“甜点段”识别和优选[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(5): 1048-1059. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200515 Shiqing Wu,Jianhua Guo,Zhiyu Li,et al. Identification and optimization of shale gas "sweet spots" in marine Niutitang Formation, South China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(5): 1048-1059. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200515

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层位	井名	深度/m	TOC/%	R_o/%	矿物组成含量/%			来源
层位	井名	深度/m	TOC/%	R_o/%	石英	碳酸盐岩	粘土矿物	来源
五峰组-龙马溪组	永页1	514~532	0.98~3.47(1.98)	2.36~2.48(2.40)	37.00~66.00(50.30)	4.50	28.00~40.00(31.30)	本文
	永页2	1 508~1 523	2.21~3.53(2.84)	2.01~2.06(2.03)	34.60~62.20(47.90)	0~22.70(6.80)	14.00~54.20(26.90)
	龙参2	1 897~1 922	1.00~5.96(3.7)	2.24~2.76(2.48)	41.20~62.20(53.70)	2.30~9.80(6.60)	15.20~35.30(23.60)
	桑页1	1 567~1 595	0.60~2.08(1.56)	2.40~3.20(2.80)	—	—	—
	焦页1	2 328~2 415	0.55~5.89(2.54)	2.20~3.13(2.65)	33.90~80.30(48.00)	—	22.60~51.80(33.00)	[22]
	长宁	—	1.90~7.30(4.00)	2.30~3.80(2.5)	25.80~67.60(41.10)	0~43.30(20.50)	10.30~52.80(30.50)
	威201	1 503~1 543	2.60~5.30(3.20)	1.90~2.90(2.50)	16.70~72.80(40.00)	9.20~65.20(21.80)	—	[23]
牛蹄塘组	常页1	1 103~1 224	0.03~17.6(10.10)	2.02~3.13(2.60)	26.00~94.00(52.30)	0~85.00(8.70)	3.00~48.00(27.90)	[16, 24]
	常页1	1 288~ 1 344	0.75~9.89(8.20)	2.02~3.13(2.60)	26.00~94.00(52.30)	0~85.00(8.70)	3.00~48.00(27.90)	[16, 24]
	花页1	2 483~2 508	1.27~9.94(2.4)	2.00~3.60(2.80)	21.40~70.40(43.00)	6.80~58.80(20.40)	8.90~45.30(27.70)	本文
	花页1	2 526~2 595	1.16~13.30(7.00)	2.00~3.60(2.80)	21.40~70.40(43.00)	6.80~58.80(20.40)	8.90~45.30(27.70)	本文
	慈页1	2 620~2 653	1.61~3.22(2.28)	1.52~2.04(1.76)	27.60~59.10(41.60)	3.80~37.90(15.30)	16.90~42.90(27.20)	本文
	慈页1	2 690~2 732	1.18~6.44(3.93)	1.52~2.04(1.76)	27.60~59.10(41.60)	3.80~37.90(15.30)	16.90~42.90(27.20)
	威201	2 652~2 704	2.00~3.60(2.80)	3.20~3.60(3.30)	29.00~72.50(38.50)	2.10~15.60(8.50)	—
	宜地2	1 728	0.52~5.96(2.05)	2.18~2.30(2.26)	5.10~55.7(25.57)	6.40~87.9(36.97)	2.70~61.30(33.30)	[23]
	鄂阳页1	3 055	4.98~5.48(5.20)	2.70	30.20~50.20(39.30)	10.90~29.20(17.70)	9.50~25.80(15.50)	[5]
	1 957	3.20	2.25	46.70	7.80	36.30		[5]

孔隙特征	SEM观察	TOC/%	BET比表面积/(m²·g^-1)	V_BJH/(10^-3cm³·g^-1)	V_L/(cm³·g^-1)
以四面开口的锥形平行板孔为主	粒间孔、粘土矿物层间裂缝	＜2	＜4	＜6	＜4
规则的两端开口圆筒孔和狭窄的平行板孔	有机质孔、粒间孔、粘土矿物层间裂缝	2~8	4~15	6~20	4~6
狭窄的平行板孔、四面开口锥形平板孔和两端开口的锥形管孔	有机质孔、粒间孔、粘土矿物层间裂缝、晶间孔	＞8	＞15	＞20	＞6

层位	井号	总含气量/(m³·t^-1)	具体特征
Barnett		4.2~9.9	吸附气体积分数20%
五峰组-龙马溪组	焦页1	0.44~5.19，平均1.97	吸附气体积分数20%~40%
五峰组-龙马溪组	永页2	1.0~3.5	解吸气体积分数33.8%~79.0%，平均55.4%；残余气体积分数4.0%~40.5%，平均20.4%
五峰组-龙马溪组	龙参2	1.56~3.04	残余气仅0.22~0.31 m³/t
水井沱组	宜页1	0.58~5.48，平均为2.05	解吸气和损失气体积分数高，有工业气流
牛蹄塘组	慈页1	0.33~0.95，平均0.68	残余气体积分数44.8%~83.5%，平均69.7%；而解吸气体积分数只占8.3%~22.3%，平均14.9%

沉积相	深水泥质陆棚
岩性	硅质页岩、炭质页岩
厚度/m	20~40
TOC/%	4~8
石英含量/%	＞40
粘土矿物含量/%	30~40
碳酸盐岩含量/%	＜20
V_BJH/(cm³·g^-1)	(10~17)×10^-3
V_L/(cm³·g^-1)	4~6
游离气体积分数/%	＞40
弹性模量/GPa	25~35
泊松比	0.20~0.25

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中国南方海相地层牛蹄塘组页岩气“甜点段”识别和优选

Identification and optimization of shale gas "sweet spots" in marine Niutitang Formation, South China

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