塔里木盆地巴楚隆起西南缘构造特征与勘探前景

doi:10.11743/ogg20210204

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔里木盆地中央隆起带西部巴楚隆起发育丰富的断裂构造样式。为了揭示巴楚隆起西南缘构造特征，进而为寻找有利勘探目标提供基础依据，通过对三维地震资料的精细解析，明确了断裂构造几何学特征及分布规律，并结合已知油气藏的特征，揭示了油气成藏规律。巴楚隆起西南缘主要发育扭动变形和逆冲推覆等两类典型的构造样式，NW走向的断裂多具有扭动变形特征，近EW走向的断裂则以逆冲作用为主，且都具有多期复合叠加特征，滑脱层的存在加剧了构造变形的复杂程度；近EW走向的断裂形成的圈闭完整性比NW走向的断裂相关背斜圈闭好，且膏盐岩之下的推覆体下盘构造圈闭具有较好的保存条件，和寒武系烃源岩形成完整的油气系统。寒武系盐下、盐间构造相对完整的圈闭及加里东期古构造圈闭不但具备良好的烃源岩条件，保存条件也相当优越，是下一步勘探的有利目标。

关键词: 断裂样式, 构造特征, 油气成藏, 勘探前景, 巴楚隆起, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

Structural faults of various styles are developed in the Bachu Uplift of western central uplift zone in the Tarim Basin.To pinpoint potential exploration targets in the southwestern margin of this petroliferous uplift, the geometry and distribution of the faults were defined through a fine interpretation of available seismic data and the connection between the faults and hydrocarbon pooling patterns was analyzed based on known reservoir characteristics.The results reveal two typical faulting styles in the margin: transpression, mostly recognized in NW-trending faults, and thrust nappe, largely found in near EW-trending faults.Both of the faults show a multi-phase composite superposition feature, which is made more complicated with the occurrence of some decollement layers.Traps formed by the EW-trending faulting is comparatively better than the NW-trending faulting-related anticline traps in terms of integrity.The structural traps in thrust nappe footwall under the gypsolyte are relatively favorable for hydrocarbon preservation, and together with the overlying gypsolyte and the Cambrian source rocks, they form a complete petroleum system.It is then concluded that the relatively integrated traps in the Cambrian pre-salt and inter-salt structures as well as the Caledonian paleo-tectonics in the margin are potential targets for further exploration with their quality source rocks and excellent preservation conditions.

Key words: faulting pattern, structural characteristics, hydrocarbon accumulation, exploration prospect, Bachu Uplift, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.2

宁飞,云金表,李建交,等. 塔里木盆地巴楚隆起西南缘构造特征与勘探前景[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(2): 299-308. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210204 Fei Ning,Jinbiao Yun,Jianjiao Li,et al. Structural characteristics and exploration prospects of the southwestern margin of Bachu Uplift, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(2): 299-308. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210204

图/表 8

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

参考文献 28

1	肖序常, 王军. 西昆仑-喀喇昆仑及其邻区岩石圈结构、演化中几个问题的探讨[J]. 地质论评, 2004, 50 (3): 285- 294. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.2004.03.013
	Xiao Xuchang , Wang Jun . Discussion on the lithospheric structure and evolution of the west Kunlun mountains-Karakorum mountains and their adjacent areas[J]. Geological Review, 2004, 50 (3): 285- 294. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.2004.03.013
2	谢会文, 陈新伟, 朱民, 等. 塔里木盆地玛扎塔格断裂带变形特征、演化及对深层油气成藏的控制[J]. 地球科学, 2017, 42 (9): 1578- 1589.
	Xie Huiwen , Chen Xinwei , Zhu Min , et al. Deformation characteristics, tectonic evolution and their control on deep petroleum accumulation of Mazhatage fault belt in Tarim Basin[J]. Editorial Committee of Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2017, 42 (9): 1578- 1589.
3	董洪奎, 李洪辉, 杜德道, 等. 塔里木盆地巴楚隆起吐木休克断裂带构造特征及形成演化[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29 (7): 951- 960.
	Dong Hongkui , Li Honghui , Du Dedao , et al. Structural characteristics and evolution of the Tumsheg fault belt, Bachu Uplift, Tarim Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2018, 29 (7): 951- 960.
4	郑晓丽, 何光玉, 姚泽伟. 巴楚隆起亚松迪断裂带构造特征及几何学模型[J]. 地学前缘, 2016, 23 (4): 255- 264.
	Zheng Xiaoli , He Guangyu , Yao Zewei . Structural characteristics and geometric models of the Yasongdi Fault Belt, the Bachu Uplift[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2016, 23 (4): 255- 264.
5	张强, 黄太柱, 李慧莉, 等. 塔里木盆地西部的新生代断裂活动[J]. 岩石学报, 2016, 32 (3): 833- 846.
	Zhang Qiang , Huang Taizhu , Li Huili , et al. The Cenozoic faults in western Tarim Basin, NW China[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2016, 32 (3): 833- 846.
6	张永, 何登发, 刘长磊, 等. 塔里木盆地巴楚隆起海米罗斯断裂带几何学与运动学特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2018, 39 (5): 984- 1000.
	Zhang Yong , He Dengfa , Liu Changlei , et al. Geometrical and kinematical characteristics of Haimiluosi fault zone in the Bachu uplift, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2018, 39 (5): 984- 1000.
7	崔海峰, 田雷, 张年春, 等. 塔西南坳陷寒武系玉尔吐斯组烃源岩分布特征[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2016, 27 (4): 577- 583.
	Cui Haifeng , Tian Lei , Zhang Nianchun , et al. Distribution characteristics of the source rocks from Cambrian Yuertusi Formation in the Southwest Depression of Tarim Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2016, 27 (4): 577- 583.
8	何娟, 王毅, 刘士林, 等. 塔里木盆地西南坳陷东部构造特征及对油气成藏的控制[J]. 石油实验地质, 2016, 28 (3): 326- 332.
	He Juan , Wang Yi , Liu Shilin , et al. Characteristics of fault structure and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation in the eastern part of southwestern Tarim Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Experiment, 2016, 28 (3): 326- 332.
9	马安来, 金之钧, 朱翠山, 等. 塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡罗斯2井奥陶系油气藏的TSR作用: 来自分子标志物的证据[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2018, 39 (4): 730- 737.
	Ma Anlai , Jin Zhijun , Zhu Cuishan , et al. Effect of TSR on the crude oil in Ordovician reservoirs of Well Luosi-2 from Maigaiti Slope, Tarim Basin: Evidences from molecular markers[J]. Oil & Gas Geo-logy, 2018, 39 (4): 730- 737.
10	姜海健, 储呈林, 杨鑫, 等. 塔里木盆地西南地区早中寒武世岩相古地理[J]. 海相油气地质, 2017, 22 (1): 32- 38.
	Jiang Haijian , Chu Chenglin , Yang Xin , et al. Lithofacies paleogeography of early-middle Cambrian in southwestern Tarim Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2017, 22 (1): 32- 38.
11	程丽娟, 李忠, 刘嘉庆, 等. 塔里木盆地巴楚-塔中地区寒武系盐下白云岩储层成岩作用及物性特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41 (2): 316- 327.
	Cheng Lijuan , Li Zhong , Liu Jiaqing , et al. Diagenesis and physical properties of subsalt dolomite reservoirs of the Cambrian, Bachu-Tazhong areas, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41 (2): 316- 327.
12	张辉善, 计文化, 马中平, 等. 甜水海地块寒武纪安山岩的地球化学和年代学研究: 对西昆仑-喀喇昆仑造山带原特提斯洋演化的启示[J]. 岩石学报, 2020, 36 (1): 257- 278.
	Zhang Huishan , Ji Wenhua , Ma Zhongping , et al. Geochronology and geochemical study of the Cambrian andesite in Tianshuihai Terrane: Implications for the evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean in the West Kunlun-Karakoram Orogenic Belt[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2020, 36 (1): 257- 278.
13	丁文龙, 林畅松, 漆立新, 等. 塔里木盆地巴楚隆起构造格架及形成演化[J]. 地学前缘, 2008, 15 (2): 242- 252. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2008.02.027
	Ding Wenlong , Lin Changsong , Qi Lixin , et al. Structural framework and evolution of Bachu uplift in Tarim basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2008, 15 (2): 242- 252. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2008.02.027
14	王斌, 王祥, 程晓敢, 等. 塔里木盆地巴楚-麦盖提地区古构造迁移特征及其意义[J]. 地质科学, 2018, 53 (1): 133- 145.
	Wang Bin , Wang Xiang , Cheng Xiaogan , et al. Significance and characteristics of paleotectonic migration in Bachu-Makit area of Tarim Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2018, 53 (1): 133- 145.
15	张斌, 陈文, 喻顺, 等. 南天山洋古生代期间俯冲作用过程探讨[J]. 岩石学报, 2014, 30 (8): 2351- 2362.
	Zhang Bin , Chen Wen , Yu Shun , et al. Subduction process of south Tianshan Ocean during Paleozoic[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2014, 30 (8): 2351- 2362.
16	Liu M , Cui X , Liu F . Cenozoic rifting and volcanism in eastern China: a mantle dynamic link to the Indo-Asian collision?[J]. Tectonophysics, 2004, 393 (1-4): 29- 42. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2004.07.029
17	金之钧, 周雁, 云金表, 等. 我国海相地层膏盐岩盖层分布与近期油气勘探方向[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2010, 31 (6): 715- 724.
	Jin Zhijun , Zhou Yan , Yun Jinbiao , et al. Distribution of gypsum-salt cap rocks and near-term hydrocarbon exploration targets in the marine sequences of China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2010, 31 (6): 715- 724.
18	Johnson K S . Evaporite-karst problems and studies in the USA[J]. Environmental Geology, 2008, 53 (5): 937- 943. doi: 10.1007/s00254-007-0716-8
19	庞雄奇, 陈君青, 李素梅, 等. 塔里木盆地特大型海相油田原油来源-来自深部低TOC烃源岩的证据与相对贡献评价[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39 (1): 23- 41.
	Pang Xiongqi , Chen Junqing , Li Sumei , et al. Crude oil sources of giant marine oilfield in Tarim Basin: evidences and relative contribution evaluation of deep present-day low-TOC source rocks[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2018, 39 (1): 23- 41.
20	胡明毅, 孙春燕, 高达. 塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组构造-岩相古地理特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40 (1): 12- 23.
	Hu Mingyi , Sun Chunyan , Gao Da . Characteristics of tectonic lithofacies paleogeography in the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40 (1): 12- 23.
21	Wittlingera G , Vergne J , Tapponnier P , et al. Teleseismic imaging of subducting lithosphere and Moho offsets beneath western Tibet[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2004, 221 (1-4): 117- 130. doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00723-4
22	晁文迪, 厉小钧. 青藏高原西北缘新生代超基性-基性岩脉锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学特征[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 2020, 39 (1): 1- 17.
	Chao Wendi , Li Xiaojun . Zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical characteristics of Cenozoic ultrabasicbasic dyke swarms in northwestern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2020, 39 (1): 1- 17.
23	瞿长, 赵锐, 李慧莉, 孔强夫, 邓尚. 塔里木盆地顺北5断裂带储集体地震反射与产能特征分析[J]. 特种油气藏, 2020, 27 (1): 68- 74.
	Qu Chang , Zhao Rui , Li Huili , Kong Qaingfu , Deng Shang . Seismic Reflection and Productivity of Reservoirs in the Fault-Zone 5 of Shunbei, Tarim Basin[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reserviors, 2020, 27 (1): 68- 74.
24	王向荣, 李潮流, 邓继新, 等. 塔里木盆地鹰山组致密碳酸盐岩地震岩石物理特征[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2020, 39 (5): 117- 126.
	Wang Xiangrong , Li Chaoliu , Deng Jixin , et al. Seismic petrophysical properties of Yingshan-Formation tight carbonate rock in Tarim Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2020, 39 (5): 117- 126.
25	李兵, 邓尚, 李王鹏, 高利君, 许杰. 塔里木盆地塔河地区走滑断裂体系活动特征与油气地质意义[J]. 特种油气藏, 2019, 26 (4): 45- 51.
	Li Bing , Deng Shang , Li Wangpeng , Gao Lijun , Xu Jie . Strike-slip fault system activity and hydrocarbon geology understanding in Tahe of Tarim Basin[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2019, 26 (4): 45- 51.
26	赵锐, 赵腾, 李慧莉, 等. 塔里木盆地顺北油气田断控缝洞型储层特征与主控因素[J]. 特种油气藏, 2019, 26 (5): 8- 13.
	Zhao Rui , Zhao Teng , Li Huili , et al. Fault-controlled fracture-cavity reservoir characterization and main-controlling factors in the Shunbei hydrocarbon field of Tarim Basin[J]. Special oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2019, 26 (5): 8- 13.
27	杨润泽, 王宏语, 樊太亮, 等. 银额盆地拐子湖凹陷构造特征及其对古地貌演化的控制[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2020, 39 (6): 39- 51.
	Yang Runze , Wang Hongyu , Fan Tailiang , et al. Structural characteristics and their controlling effects over the paleogeomorphic evolution for Guaizihu Sag in Yin'e Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2020, 39 (6): 39- 51.
28	梅俭. 输导断裂主要特征部位及其对油气运移的控制[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2020, 39 (1): 35- 40.
	Mei Jian . Main characteristic parts of the transporting fault and their controls on the hydrocarbon migrations[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2020, 39 (1): 35- 40.

[1]	韩鹏远, 丁文龙, 杨德彬, 张娟, 马海陇, 王生晖. 塔里木盆地塔河油田S80走滑断裂发育特征及其对奥陶系储层的控制作用[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(3): 770-786.
[2]	张艳秋, 陈红汉, 王燮培, 王彭, 苏丹梅, 谢舟. 塔里木盆地富满油田走滑断裂带通源性评价[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(3): 787-800.
[3]	丁文龙, 李云涛, 韩俊, 黄诚, 王来源, 孟庆修. 碳酸盐岩储层高精度构造应力场模拟与裂缝多参数分布预测方法及其应用[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(3): 827-851.
[4]	曹自成, 云露, 漆立新, 李海英, 韩俊, 耿锋, 林波, 陈菁萍, 黄诚, 毛庆言. 塔里木盆地顺北地区顺北84X井超千米含油气重大发现及其意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2): 341-356.
[5]	杨德彬, 鲁新便, 鲍典, 曹飞, 汪彦, 王明, 谢润成. 塔里木盆地北部奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩断溶体油藏成因类型及特征再认识[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2): 357-366.
[6]	张长建, 杨德彬, 蒋林, 姜应兵, 昌琪, 马雪健. 塔里木盆地塔河北部“过溶蚀残留型”断溶体发育特征及其成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2): 367-383.
[7]	江同文, 邓兴梁, 曹鹏, 常少英. 塔里木盆地富满断控破碎体油藏储集类型特征与注水替油效果[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2): 542-552.
[8]	雷文智, 陈冬霞, 王永诗, 巩建强, 邱贻博, 王翘楚, 成铭, 蔡晨阳. 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东部深层砂砾岩多类型油气藏成藏机理及模式[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(1): 113-129.
[9]	牛月萌, 韩俊, 余一欣, 黄诚, 林波, 杨帆, 余浪, 陈俊宇. 塔里木盆地顺北西部地区火成岩侵入体发育特征及其与断裂耦合关系[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(1): 231-242.
[10]	杨小艺, 刘成林, 王飞龙, 李国雄, 冯德浩, 杨韬政, 何志斌, 苏加佳. 渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷西南洼古近系东营组超压分布特征及成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(1): 96-112.
[11]	张三, 金强, 史今雄, 胡明毅, 段梦悦, 李永强, 张旭栋, 程付启. 塔北地区奥陶系地下河溶洞充填规律与储集性能[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(6): 1582-1594.
[12]	王永诗, 巩建强, 陈冬霞, 邱贻博, 茆书巍, 雷文智, 杨怀宇, 王翘楚. 渤海湾盆地东营凹陷盐家地区深层砂砾岩油气藏相态演化及成藏过程[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(5): 1159-1172.
[13]	康志江, 张冬梅, 张振坤, 王睿奇, 姜文斌, 刘坤岩. 深层缝洞型油藏井间连通路径智能预测技术[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(5): 1290-1299.
[14]	胡伟, 徐婷, 杨阳, 伦增珉, 李宗宇, 康志江, 赵瑞明, 梅胜文. 塔里木盆地超深油气藏流体相行为变化特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(4): 1044-1053.
[15]	张坦, 姚威, 赵永强, 周雨双, 黄继文, 范昕禹, 罗宇. 塔里木盆地巴麦地区石炭系卡拉沙依组年代标尺及地层剥蚀厚度精细计算[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(4): 1054-1066.