石油与天然气地质 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 765-783.doi: 10.11743/ogg20210401

• 油气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

四川盆地中国石化探区须家河组致密砂岩气勘探开发进展与攻关方向

郑和荣(), 刘忠群*(), 徐士林, 刘振峰, 刘君龙, 黄志文, 黄彦庆, 石志良, 武清钊, 范凌霄, 高金慧   

  1. 中国石化 石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-20 出版日期:2021-08-28 发布日期:2021-08-27
  • 通讯作者: 刘忠群 E-mail:zhengherong.syky@sinopec.com;liuzq.syky@sinopec.com
  • 作者简介:郑和荣(1962—),男,博士、教授级高级工程师,石油地质。E-mail: zhengherong.syky@sinopec.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国石化科技部项目(P18089);中国石化科技部项目(P19012)

Progress and key research directions of tight gas exploration and development inXujiahe Formation, Sinopec exploration areas, Sichuan Basin

Herong Zheng(), Zhongqun Liu*(), Shilin Xu, Zhenfeng Liu, Junlong Liu, Zhiwen Huang, Yanqing Huang, Zhiliang Shi, Qingzhao Wu, Lingxiao Fan, Jinhui Gao   

  1. Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2020-10-20 Online:2021-08-28 Published:2021-08-27
  • Contact: Zhongqun Liu E-mail:zhengherong.syky@sinopec.com;liuzq.syky@sinopec.com

摘要:

四川盆地须家河组致密砂岩气的勘探取得了丰硕的成果,但是气藏整体表现为“储层致密、大面积含气、局部富集”的特点,开发生产中普遍呈现出储量丰度低、普遍产水和裂缝控产等特征,储量动用难度大。近年来,以有效建产和高效勘探为主要目标,应用地质-工程一体化的思路,开展了四川盆地中国石化探区须家河组的新一轮勘探开发攻关研究,在基础地质理论认识和勘探开发关键技术等方面取得了重要进展。在成藏模式、天然气富集规律和圈闭评价方面,建立了“先成藏后致密、超压驱动、晚期调整”的成藏模式,明确了“早期构造控带、差异致密控储、构造调整控产”的天然气富集规律,建立了基于古今构造及形变的圈闭动态评价方法。关于致密砂岩气藏甜点,划分了2类4型气藏甜点模式,并建立了相应的评价标准。针对致密砂岩裂缝预测,形成了最大似然、构造熵、形态指数和曲度等多属性融合的断褶缝体精细刻画技术。在致密砂岩组分和流体识别上,构建了粒度参数测井连续评价和中子声波包络面含气性识别测井评价技术。针对致密砂岩储层保护和改造,初步形成了氮气钻井提高产量技术,制定了不同甜点类型储层压裂改造技术和对策。当前,须家河组勘探开发工作中的重点是如何实现规模有效开发。通过近几年的攻关研究,认为下步的勘探开发应集中以下几个方面:一是在全盆范围内进一步深化须家河组天然气差异富集规律研究;二是按照不同甜点类型开展精细的地质评价;三是进一步攻关裂缝体内幕精细刻画、优质储层精细预测和流体预测等关键技术,大力发展提高产量工程工艺技术和开发政策优化技术;四是坚持地质-工程一体化,建立分类动用的思想,优先开发动用裂缝型甜点储量,以大幅度提高产量为目标攻关基质储渗型甜点储量,实现须家河组难动用储量的有效建产和高效勘探。

关键词: 氮气钻井, 差异富集规律, 地质-工程一体化, 致密砂岩气, 须家河组, 四川盆地

Abstract:

Gas exploration in tight sandstones of the Xujiahe Formation in Sinopec's exploration areas, Sichuan Basin, has been fruitful.However, gas in the formation is pervasive but only locally enriched in rather tight layers, which results in low reserve abundance, water production being common and gas yields being controlled by fractures.Exploitation of the gas reservoirs in the formation has therefor been a challenge.With exploration and productive capacity building being pursued strategically in an efficient way by the group in the areas in recent years, Sinopec has followed a roadmap leading to an integrated geology and engineering during a new round of exploration and development activities in the areas of the basin.Significant progresses have been made in the basic geological theories and key technologies of exploration and development.The gas accumulation pattern, summarized as "charging prior to tightening and overpressure-driven with late adjustment", and the enrichment law, briefly described as "early structure controlling enrichment zones, differential tightening process controlling reservoir physical properties and late structural activities determining well performance", are combined to establish a trap dynamic evaluation method based on paleo and modern structures and deformation history.Sweet spot classification criteria have been established with 2 categories and 4 types of sweet-spot modes being built.For tight sandstone fracture prediction, an integrated technology of multi-attributes, including maximum likelihood, structural entropy, shape index and curvature, was used to describe fault-fold fractured reservoirs.To better identify the components of tight sandstone and fluids, we performed continuous logging evaluation of grain-size parameter and neutron acoustic envelope logging evaluation of gas-bearing properties.A nitrogen gas drilling technology has been proposed to enhance well performance and stimulation procedures have been tailored for different types of reservoirs.At present, the key exploration and development issue of the Xujiahe Formation is how to realize a large-scale and effective development.Based on the research in recent years, we suggest the following domains that require a continuous attention: a basin-wide study of differential enrichment of gas in the Xujiahe Formation; a fine geological evaluation of different types of sweet spots; fine description of the interior of fracture bodies, accurate prediction of high-quality reservoirs and development of fluid and engineering technologies for production enhancement and optimization; as well as an integration of geology and engineering combined with differential exploitation strategy according to different types of reserves.Only with development priority being given to sweet spots with well-developed fractures and study being focused on the improvement of production from sweet spots in porous matrix, will an effective exploration and production of gas from these hard-to-get reserves in the Xujiahe Formation be possible.

Key words: nitrogen drilling, differential enrichment pattern, geology-engineering integration, tight sand gas, Xujiahe Formation, Sichuan Basin

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