塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组构造-岩相古地理特征

doi:10.11743/ogg20190102

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了查明塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组构造-沉积响应特征与演化规律，为该区深层油气勘探寻找新的接替区，以海相碳酸盐岩层序地层学和储层沉积学理论体系为指导，在岩心、薄片、测录井以及地震等资料的基础上，结合构造古地貌特征，明确下寒武统肖尔布拉克组主要发育局限-半蒸发台地、开阔台地、台地边缘与斜坡-盆地相，又可划分为多个亚相和微相，沉积相的分布具有典型的分带性和继承性。基于横跨盆地的二维地震测线精细解释，确定了塔里木盆地寒武系主要沉积相类型的地震相响应特征，识别出了6种地震相（Seismic Facies）类型，分别为台内（丘）滩（SF1）、台内洼地（SF2）、丘（滩）间海（SF3）、膏盐湖（SF4）、台地边缘（SF5）和斜坡-盆地（SF6），进而圈定了各相带的平面沉积相边界，揭示了各相带发育分布与古构造和古地貌的联系。根据肖尔布拉克组厚度分布，明确了盆地南部存在东西走向的古隆起区，东部和中部存在两个洼陷区；盆地西南部存在一级阶地，以宽缓的一级坡折向中部低洼区过渡；盆地中部存在窄陡的二级坡折，向东快速过渡为深洼区。再结合地震解释成果、野外露头、取心井观察和室内镜下岩石薄片鉴定等资料，编制下寒武统肖尔布拉克组岩相古地理图，为塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组深层碳酸盐岩油气勘探提供了有利证据。

关键词: 构造-岩相古地理, 地震相, 台内洼地, 台内(丘)滩, 肖尔布拉克组, 下寒武统, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

The study aims to discover new prospective areas for deep oil and gas exploration based on the understanding of tectonic and sedimentary response characteristics and evolution patterns of the Xiaoerbulake Formationin,Tarim Basin.Under the guidance of marine carbonate rock sequence stratigraphy and reservoir sedimentology,it's made certain that the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation mainly develops restricted-semi-evaporitic platform,open platform,platform margin,slope-basin facies according to core,logging and seismic data and thin section observation,combined with the features of tectonic paleo-geomorphology.These sedimentary facies can in turn be subdivided into multiple subfacies and microfacies,and their distribution is characteristic of zonation and inheritance.The fine interpretation of the two-dimensional seismic lines across the basin helps to identify the features of seismic responses of the main Cambrian sedimentary facies in Tarim Basin,and recognize six types of seismic facies,namely the intra-platform microbial mound/shoal(SF1),intra-platform low(SF2),inter-mound/bank sea(SF3),gypsum-salt lake(SF4),platform margin(SF5)and slope-basin(SF6).Then the boundary of sedimentary facies for each facies zone was delineated and the relation of facies zones distribution with paleostructure and paleogeomorphology was revealed.According to the isopach map of the Xiaoerbulake Formation,it's made clear that there is an EW-trending paleo-uplift in the southern basin,and two depressions in the eastern and central basin.The First Terrace lies in the southwestern basin,which transits from the wide and gentle Level 1 slope-break towards the central depression,while the narrow and steep Level 2 slope-break in the central basin rapidly transfers to a deep depression towards the east.In addition,the seismic interpretation results,analysis of outcrop,observation of cores as well as microscopic observation of thin sections were used to generate the lithofacies paleogeographic map of the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation,providing favorable evidences for the exploration of deep carbonate oil and gas in the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation of Tarim Basin.

Key words: tectonic-lithofacies paleogeography, seismic facies, intra-platform low, intra-platform mound/shoal, Xiaoerbulake Formation, Lower Cambrian, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.3

胡明毅,孙春燕,高达. 塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组构造-岩相古地理特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40(1): 12-23. doi: 10.11743/ogg20190102 Hu Mingyi,Sun Chunyan,Gao Da. Characteristics of tectonic-lithofacies paleogeography in the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation,Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40(1): 12-23. doi: 10.11743/ogg20190102

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