准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系深层致密砂岩储层裂缝及其有效性

doi:10.11743/ogg20200609

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系致密砂岩储层埋深普遍大于4 500 m，储层物性差，裂缝是重要的储集空间和主要的渗流通道，影响深层致密砂岩的油气富集分布和产能。通过野外露头观测、岩心、薄片和实验资料，对侏罗系储层裂缝发育特征、控制因素及有效性进行了研究。准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系储层以发育高角度构造裂缝为主，其次是成岩裂缝和异常高压裂缝。准噶尔盆地南缘构造裂缝的方位主要有NNE-SSW向、NNW-SSE向、NEE-SWW向和NW-SE向，但中段NNW-SSE向裂缝不发育，且由东向西，构造裂缝的发育程度逐渐降低。构造裂缝的形成和分布受应力场、构造、岩性、层厚及储层非均质性等因素的影响，而裂缝的渗流能力则与流体活动、异常高压和现今地应力分布等因素相关。研究区裂缝的有效性较好，有效裂缝比例占85%以上。高压渗流实验结果显示围压增加，裂缝渗透率呈负指数递减。当有效围压小于15 MPa（埋深>1 000 m）时，裂缝渗透率随围压的变化快；超过该围压（深度），裂缝渗透率递减缓慢；至最大实验轴压115 MPa（埋深>8 000 m），围压为65 MPa时，裂缝的渗透率仍有22.5×10^-3 μm²。表明即使在深层，天然裂缝仍然是有效的储集空间和渗流通道，是改善深层致密储层储渗性能和油气富集高产的重要因素。

关键词: 裂缝有效性, 裂缝, 致密砂岩, 深层, 侏罗系, 准噶尔盆地南缘, 前陆盆地

Abstract:

The Jurassic tight sandstones at the south margin of the Junggar Basin are characterized by great burial depth (more than 4 500 m), poor physical properties and natural fractures that serve as the dominant storage space and percolation channels for hydrocarbon.A study on the characteristics, controlling factors and effectiveness of the fractures is carried out with field outcrop observation, core and thin section data analyses as well as experimental results.The result shows that high-angle structural fractures dominate the sandstones, followed by diagenetic fractures and fractures related to overpressure.The fractures are mostly NNE-SSW-, NNW-SSE-, NEE-SWW- and NE-SW-trending, but NNW-SSE-trending fractures are rarely seen in the middle of the margin and density goes down from east to west.The distribution and formation of the fractures are controlled by stress field, tectonic movement, lithology, layer thickness and reservoir heterogeneity, while the permeability of the fractures is related to fluid activities, overpressure and present in-situ stress.The results also indicate that more than 85% of the fractures in the study area are effective.The high-pressure percolation experiment demonstrates a negative power exponent decrease of the fracture effectiveness with increasing confining pressure.However, the fracture permeability decreases differently under different confining pressure ranges.It decreases rapidly with the increase of the confining pressure less than 15 MPa (at a burial depth of over 1 000 m).The reduction slows down when the pressure exceeds 15 MPa.And at a confining pressure of 65 MPa (equal to the maximum experimental axial pressure of 115 MPa or a burial depth of more than 8 000 m), the permeability stays at 22.5×10^-3 μm².Therefore, natural fractures are still the effective storage space and seepage channels even in deep formations, where they serve to improve physical properties and indicate high-quality deep reservoirs.

Key words: effectiveness of fracture, natural fracture, tight sandstone reservoir, deep formation, Jurassic, south margin of the Junggar Basin, foreland basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

毛哲,曾联波,刘国平,等. 准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系深层致密砂岩储层裂缝及其有效性[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(6): 1212-1221. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200609 Zhe Mao,Lianbo Zeng,Guoping Liu,et al. Characterization and effectiveness of natural fractures in deep tight sandstones at the south margin of the Junggar Basin, northwestern China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(6): 1212-1221. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200609

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构造单元		东段	中段	西段
裂缝类型	地质成因	构造裂缝、成岩裂缝、异常高压裂缝
裂缝类型	力学成因	剪切缝、扩张缝、层理缝、拉张裂缝
裂缝方位		NNE-SSW、NNW-SSENEE-SWW、NW-SE	NNE-SSWNEE-SWW、NW-SE	NNE-SSW、NNW-SSENEE-SWW、NW-SE
裂缝倾角/(°)		10~80	0~90	30~90
全充填裂缝占比/%		9	12	21
裂缝线密度/(条·m^-1)		2.35	2.20	0.96
岩心裂缝高度/cm		0~60	0~40	0~40

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