石油与天然气地质 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 365-377.doi: 10.11743/ogg20220210
陶金雨1,2,3,4(), 胡宗全5, 申宝剑1,2,3,4, 潘安阳1,2,3,4, 李楚雄1,2,3,4, 王瑞湖6, 张美玲6
收稿日期:
2020-07-31
修回日期:
2022-01-20
出版日期:
2022-04-01
发布日期:
2022-03-11
第一作者简介:
陶金雨(1990—),女,博士、副研究员,沉积-储层地质。E?mail: 基金项目:
Jinyu Tao1,2,3,4(), Zongquan Hu5, Baojian Shen1,2,3,4, Anyang Pan1,2,3,4, Chuxiong Li1,2,3,4, Ruihu Wang6, Meiling Zhang6
Received:
2020-07-31
Revised:
2022-01-20
Online:
2022-04-01
Published:
2022-03-11
摘要:
通过对典型井观察描述、野外剖面实测以及室内测试分析,对桂中坳陷下石炭统鹿寨组页岩的沉积特征进行解剖,建立台槽相页岩沉积模式,并提出具有页岩气勘探潜力的优势相带。对比四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组陆棚相页岩与研究区台槽相页岩的沉积特征,明确台槽与陆棚的差异性。研究区台槽沉积的典型相标志除了页理、变形、粒序等层理构造之外,槽内普遍富集大量黄铁矿,台-槽斜坡带可识别出灰质和硅质两种浊流、腕足等古生物碎片以及若干植物碎片。根据岩性组合、相标志、水动力等条件,台槽相共划分出4种亚相及13种岩相。其中,台盆亚相的硅质岩相和硅质页岩相以及下斜坡亚相的泥质硅质岩相和炭质泥岩相可作为优势相带,含有少量灰质和泥质的硅质岩更具页岩气勘探潜力。
中图分类号:
表1
桂中坳陷鹿寨组台槽相页岩矿物成分"
井/剖面样品号 | TOC/% | 矿物成分含量/% | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
粘土矿物 | 石英 | 钾长石 | 斜长石 | 方解石 | 白云石 | 菱铁矿 | 黄铁矿 | 石膏 | 硬石膏 | 石盐 | 重晶石 | ||
白花-1 | 3.80 | 12.1 | 86.2 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.3 |
白花-2 | 5.24 | 28.3 | 68.3 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 |
白花-3 | 5.37 | 43.4 | 51.2 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.6 |
白花-4 | 4.47 | 24.7 | 73.5 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
白花-5 | 4.04 | 22.9 | 75.8 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
白花-6 | 5.95 | 26.3 | 70.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
白花-7 | 6.61 | 29.9 | 68.6 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
A井-1 | 3.91 | 19.9 | 56.5 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 16.8 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 3.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 |
A井-2 | 1.03 | 5.7 | 25.2 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 66.6 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
A井-3 | 5.00 | 24.5 | 62.3 | 0.2 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 6.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.1 |
A井-4 | 3.59 | 17.2 | 71.3 | 0 | 0.7 | 7.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
A井-5 | 3.81 | 16.8 | 70.0 | 0 | 1.3 | 8.7 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
A井-6 | 3.45 | 19.6 | 69.9 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 5.7 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 2.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 |
A井-7 | 3.89 | 26.0 | 50.2 | 0 | 1.6 | 17.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0 |
A井-8 | 5.27 | 27.6 | 62.5 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 3.2 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
A井-9 | 3.02 | 28.2 | 57.7 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 8.3 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 3.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
A井-10 | 5.89 | 25.7 | 54.9 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 11.3 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 3.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
B井-1 | 2.16 | 38.8 | 50.0 | 0 | 0.5 | 3.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 6.5 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
B井-2 | 0.50 | 7.9 | 6.7 | 0 | 0.2 | 82.5 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
B井-3 | 1.70 | 46.2 | 41.3 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 8.0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
B井-4 | 0.81 | 18.5 | 9.4 | 0 | 0.3 | 43.2 | 24.6 | 0.5 | 3.3 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
B井-5 | 0.95 | 24.2 | 13.0 | 0 | 0.5 | 49.6 | 6.7 | 0.8 | 4.8 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
B井-6 | 1.40 | 34.0 | 15.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 35.5 | 6.0 | 0.7 | 6.7 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
B井-7 | 0.79 | 25.3 | 13.1 | 0 | 0.3 | 49.3 | 7.5 | 0.3 | 3.8 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
B井-8 | 0.68 | 22.8 | 8.5 | 0 | 0.4 | 53.2 | 10.4 | 0.2 | 4.3 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
B井-9 | 1.65 | 40.2 | 26.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 20.6 | 3.3 | 0.4 | 6.8 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
B井-10 | 0.96 | 34.4 | 22.1 | 0 | 0.8 | 32.8 | 3.9 | 0.2 | 5.4 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
潭头-1 | 1.36 | 32.6 | 48.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 12.6 | 3.2 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.4 |
潭头-2 | 1.61 | 37.0 | 49.6 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 6.5 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 3.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
潭头-3 | 1.20 | 28.3 | 45.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 20.3 | 4.0 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
潭头-4 | 1.42 | 30.9 | 56.0 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 10.1 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
潭头-5 | 1.45 | 23.4 | 52.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 17.1 | 4.4 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.4 |
潭头-6 | 1.60 | 35.7 | 49.0 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 0.4 | 2.7 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.3 |
潭头-7 | 1.36 | 30.0 | 57.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 9.5 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
潭头-8 | 0.83 | 20.9 | 35.7 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 41.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
潭头-9 | 0.72 | 15.4 | 52.1 | 0 | 0.2 | 17.3 | 3.7 | 0.4 | 7.6 | 3.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
潭头-10 | 1.59 | 46.2 | 39.2 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 9.3 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 2.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
图3
桂中坳陷下石炭统鹿寨组台槽相典型相标志a.水平层理,硅质页岩,A井,埋深1 936.05 m,岩心照片; b.页理,炭质页岩,B井,埋深3 076.62 m,岩心照片; c.泥质纹层,粉砂质泥质灰岩,B井,埋深3 084.77 m,岩心照片; d.疑似203期低密度浊流沉积,夹杂砂质条带,底部受构造作用可见揉皱现象,硅质页岩,A井,埋深1 930.50 m,岩心照片; e.变形层理,细漂砾,B井,埋深3 083.83 m,岩心照片; f.顺层分布的黄铁矿条带和黄铁矿团块, B井,埋深3 084.32 m,岩心照片; g.莓状黄铁矿,A井,埋深1 928.50 m,扫描电镜; h.腕足化石,炭质泥岩中发育灰岩透镜体,B井,埋深3 101.37 m,岩心照片; i.疑似茎类化石,B井,埋深3 078.62 m,岩心照片"
表2
桂中地区与四川盆地富有机质页岩沉积特征对比[12,22,27-28]"
层系 | 四川盆地涪陵页岩层系 | 桂中坳陷页岩层系 | |
---|---|---|---|
层位 | 五峰组-龙马溪组 | 鹿寨组 | |
相 | 陆棚 | 台槽 | |
亚相 | 深水陆棚 | 台盆、下斜坡 | |
沉积物特征 | 岩石组成 | 黑色硅质页岩、炭质页岩、灰黑色粉砂质泥质页岩、 粉砂质灰质泥岩 | 灰黑色硅质页岩、灰质泥岩、炭质泥岩、 深灰色硅质灰岩和泥质灰岩 |
沉积构造 | 页理、水平层理、交错层理,黄铁矿结核、硅质结核, 眼球状构造等变形层理 | 水平纹层、页理,硅质、灰质与泥质滑动变形, 黄铁矿结核、燧石结核 | |
古生物 | 笔石、放射虫、硅质海绵 | 珊瑚、腕足、双壳,植物根茎 | |
沉积环境 | 水动力条件 | 弱,间歇性风暴 | 弱,浊流 |
水深 | 60 ~ 200 | 暂无数据 | |
黄铁矿发育情况 | 含量在1.0 % ~ 5.0 %,局部富集 | 含量在0.2 % ~ 14.7 %,富集 | |
氧化还原环境 | 还原环境 | 还原环境 | |
TOC/% | 2.0 ~ 11.0 | 0.6 ~ 7.1 | |
优质页岩层厚度/m | 37 ~ 76 | 20 ~ 60 |
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