石油与天然气地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 1664-1681.doi: 10.11743/ogg20250517

• 方法技术 • 上一篇    

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城页岩油提高采收率实践及探索

牛小兵1(), 樊建明2,3(), 张超2,3, 任奕霖2,3, 何右安2,3, 常睿2,3, 成良丙2,3   

  1. 1.中国石油 长庆油田公司，陕西 西安 710018
    2.低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室，陕西 西安 710018
    3.中国石油 长庆油田公司 勘探开发研究院，陕西 西安 710018
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-02 修回日期:2025-07-03 出版日期:2025-10-30 发布日期:2025-10-29
  • 通讯作者: 樊建明 E-mail:nxb_cq@petrochina.com.cn;fanjm_cq@petrochina.com.cn
  • 第一作者简介:牛小兵（1978—），男，博士、教授级高级工程师，油田勘探开发管理与科研。E‑mail： nxb_cq@petrochina.com.cn。
  • 基金项目:
    国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1404800);中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大攻关性应用性科技专项(2023ZZ15YJ03);中国石油长庆油田公司重大专项(2023DZZ04)

Practices and research for enhanced shale oil recovery in the Qingcheng oilfield， Ordos Basin

Xiaobing NIU1(), Jianming FAN2,3(), Chao ZHANG2,3, Yilin REN2,3, You’an HE2,3, Rui CHANG2,3, Liangbing CHENG2,3   

  1. 1.Changqing Oilfield Company，PetroChina，Xi’an，Shaanxi 710018，China
    2.National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil & Gas Fields，Xi’an，Shaanxi 710018，China
    3.Research Institute of Exploration and Development，Changqing Oilfield Company，PetroChina，Xi’an，Shaanxi 710018，China
  • Received:2025-04-02 Revised:2025-07-03 Online:2025-10-30 Published:2025-10-29
  • Contact: Jianming FAN E-mail:nxb_cq@petrochina.com.cn;fanjm_cq@petrochina.com.cn

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摘要：

针对页岩油准自然能量开发中地层压力下降快、产量递减大导致的原油采收率低这一核心问题，长庆油田通过10余年的持续攻关，系统开展了理论探索、室内模拟、开发试验和规模应用研究，形成了针对新区和老区的差异化提高采收率技术体系。在新区开发方面，创新提出了“小井距 + 小簇距 + 大规模交错布缝”的井网-缝网协同优化技术；在老区改造方面，研发了“精细分段 + 大排量注气 + 结构化驱替”的多介质复合补能技术和区域补能重复压裂技术。研究结果表明：新区小井距开发模式可提高一次井网采收率4.0%以上，老区提采技术综合应用可提高采收率3.0% ~ 5.0%。通过新区和老区技术协同优化，预计可将鄂尔多斯盆地庆城页岩油藏的标定采收率由当前的7.5%提高至15.0%以上。研究成果能够为鄂尔多斯盆地及国内外类似页岩油藏提高采收率提供重要的理论依据与技术借鉴。

关键词: 新区, 老区, 提高采收率技术, 页岩油, 庆城油田, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

Shale oil production through quasi-natural depletion faces a key challenge of low crude oil recovery due to a rapid decline in reservoir pressure and a marked decrease in oil production. Over more than a decade of persistent efforts， the Changqing oilfield has carried out systematic theoretical research， laboratory simulations， pilot tests， and large-scale field applications. These initiatives have led to the development of differential enhanced oil recovery （EOR） techniques tailored to newly developed and mature blocks. Specifically， for newly developing blocks， an innovative well pattern-fracture network collaborative optimization technology is proposed， featuring “small well spacing， small cluster spacing， and large-scale cross fracturing design.” Techniques developed for the stimulation of mature blocks include a multi-media energy replenishment technique integrating “fine-scale division of injection intervals， high gas injection rates， and structured displacement” and a regional energy replenishment-based refracturing technique. The field application results of these techniques indicate that in newly developing blocks， the collaborative optimization technology can enhance shale oil recovery by more than 4% under the well pattern during primary recovery. For mature blocks， the integrated application of the EOR techniques can enhance shale oil recovery by 3% to 5%. The collaborative optimization of techniques for both newly developing and mature blocks is projected to increase the calibrated recovery of shale oil reservoirs in the Qingcheng oilfield， Ordos Basin， to over 15% from the present 7.5%. The results of this study provide an important theoretical basis and technical reference for EOR of shale oil reservoirs in the Ordos Basin and other similar reservoirs worldwide.

Key words: green field, brown field, enhanced oil recovery （EOR） technique, shale oil, Qingcheng oilfield, Ordos Basin

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