塔里木盆地和田河气田玛扎塔格滑脱背斜构造特征

doi:10.11743/ogg20150405

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 塔里木盆地巴楚隆起南侧的和田河气田是在玛扎塔格构造上发现的典型背斜型气藏。由于该区钻井主要集中在构造核部，钻井深度相对较浅，而构造两翼的地震资料品质较差，因而对该构造出现了多种解释结果。本文依据钻井资料标定，应用断层相关褶皱理论，对该区二维地震剖面测网重新进行详细构造解释。结果表明，玛扎塔格构造主要构造样式为以中寒武统膏岩为滑脱面的滑脱背斜，玛4井东构造样式则为断层扩展褶皱，表明玛4井东存在近南北走向的横向走滑断层，并在地震剖面上得到证实。地震解释结果也证实了玛扎塔格构造西北侧发育的古董山逆冲断层向南东方向延伸进入和田河气田。滑脱褶皱背斜南北两翼发育的中新世-上新世生长地层和第四系角度不整合，表明该构造主要形成时期为中新世—上新世，而且第四纪该构造又重新活动。

关键词: 逆冲断层, 走滑断层, 滑脱背斜, 和田河气田, 塔里木盆地

Abstract: The Hetianhe gas field is one of the typical anticline gas reservoirs found in Mazatage structural belt of southern Bachu uplift in Tarim Basin.Previous exploration drilling is focused on core of the structure and the depths of exploratory wells are relatively shallow.Moreover, the quality of seismic data acquired on the flanks is poor.Therefore, structural interpretation was high in uncertainty.This paper tried to reinterpret the 2D seismic data based on calibration with drilling data and application of faulting-related fold theory.The result shows that the Mazatage structure is dominated by detachment anticline with the Middle Cambrian gypsum as detachment surface, while the part in the east of well Ma-4 in the structure is a fault-propagation fold, indicating the existence of a near NS-trending transverse strike-slip fault(seismic profile also revealed the same conclusion).Seismic interpretation also indicates that a thrust fault named Gudongshan deve-loped on the northwest flank of the structure extends into the Hetianhe gas field.The Miocene-Pliocene growth strata and Quaternary angular unconformity developed on the south and north flanks in the detached anticline show that the structure was probably formed during the Miocene-Pliocene period and reactivated during the Quaternary.

Key words: thrust fault, strike-slip fault, detached anticline, Hetianhe gas field, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.2

杨庚,李伟,陈竹新,等. 塔里木盆地和田河气田玛扎塔格滑脱背斜构造特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2015, 36(4): 563-572. doi: 10.11743/ogg20150405 Yang Geng,Li Wei,Chen Zhuxin,et al. Mazatage detachment anticline in Hetianhe gas field, Tarim Basin, western China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2015, 36(4): 563-572. doi: 10.11743/ogg20150405

参考文献

[1] Tapponnier P, Molnar P.Active faulting and Cenozoic tectonics of the Tian Shan, Mongolia, and Baykal regions[J].Journal of Geophysical Research, 1979, 84:3425-3459.
[2] Tapponnier P, Peltzner G, Armijo R.On the mechanism of the collision between India and Asia, in Coward M P, Ries A C, eds., Collision Tectonics[M].Spec.Pub.Geological Society of London, 1986:115-157.
[3] 郑显华.塔里木盆地西部巴楚—麦盖提地区石油地质特征及勘探建议[J].石油实验地质, 1995, 17(2):114-120. Zheng Xianhua.Petroleum geological characteristics of and exploration proposals to Bachu—Maigaiti area of the west Tarim basin[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology, 1995, 17(2):114-120.
[4] 谢晓安, 胡素云, 卢华复.探讨塔里木盆地巴楚的正反转构造[J].地质论评, 1998, 44(1):1-6. Xie Xiaoan, Hu Suyun, Lu Huafu.Positive inversion structure in the Bachu Fault-Uplift in the Tarim Basin[J].Geological Review, 1998, 44(1):1-6.
[5] 何文渊, 李江海, 钱祥麟.塔里木盆地巴楚断隆中新生代的构造演化[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 36(7):539-546. He Wenyuan, Li Jianghai, Qian Xianglin.The Meso—Cenozoic evolution of Bachu Fault—Uplift in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universities Pekinens, 2000, 36(7):539-546.
[6] 周新源, 贾承造, 王招明, 等.和田河气田碳酸盐岩气藏特征及多期成藏史[J].科学通报, 2002, 47(增刊):131-136. Zhou Xinyuan, Jia Chengzao, Wang Zhaoming, et al.Characteristics of carbonate gas pool and multistage gaspool formation history of Hetianhe gas field, Tarim Basin, Northwest China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 2002, 47(Supp.):146-152.
[7] 王招明, 王清华, 王媛.塔里木盆地和田河气田成藏条件及控制因素[J].海相油气地质, 2000, 5(1-2):124-132. Wang Zhaoming, Wang Qinghua, Wang Yuan.Conditions and controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation of Hetianhe Gas Field, Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2000, 5(1-2):124-132.
[8] 潘家伟, 李海兵, 孙知明, 等.塔里木盆地中南部麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带变形特征及其意义[J].地质科学, 2010, 45(4):1038-1056. Pan Jiawei, Li Haibing, Sun Zhiming, et.al. Deformation features of the Mazartagh fold thrust belt, south central Tarim Basin and its tectonic significances[J].Chinese Journal of Geology, 2010, 45(4):1038-1056.
[9] 新疆区域地层[M].北京:地质出版社, 1981:1-488. Xinjiang regional stratigraphy[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1981:1-488.
[10] 雍天寿, 单金榜, 王诗佾.玛扎塔克山区的几个地质问题兼谈塔克拉玛干大沙漠形成的地质时代[J].新疆石油地质, 1983, 1(4):1-9. Yong Tianshou, Shan Jinbang, Wang Shiyao.Several geological questions in Mazartagh area and the formation time of Takelamagan desert[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 1983, (4):1-9.
[11] 雍天寿, 单金榜, 魏景明.古特提斯海北支塔里木古海湾岩相古地理[M].北京:科学出版社, 1989:1-129. Yong Tianshou, Shan Jinbang, Wei Jingming.Lithofacies and Paleogeography in the ancient Tarim Bay, north part of the PaleoTethys Ocean[M].Beijing:Science Press, 1989:1-129.
[12] 刘万祥.塔里木盆地西南地区上下第三系的接触关系与乌恰群时代归属[J].新疆石油地质, 1990, 11(1):20-24. Liu Wanxiang.Contact relationship between Upper and Lower Tertiary and age ownership of Wuqia Group in southwest depression of Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 1990, 11(1):20-24.
[13] 杨逸畴, 陆绵华.塔克拉玛干沙漠中玛扎塔格山的形成及其地理意义[J].地理研究, 1990, 9(3):24-32. Yang Yichou, Lu Jinhua.The formation of Mt.Mazatage in the Taklamagan desert and its geographical significance[J].Geographical Research, 1990, 9(3):24-32.
[14] 杨逸畴, 周兴佳, 赵景峰, 等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地两处高地的地质地貌对比研究—玛扎塔格山和北明丰隆起[J].干旱区研究, 1993, 10(3):10-15. Yang Yichou, Zhou Xingjia, Zhao Jingfeng, et al.Comparing research of geology and geomorphology of two highlands(Mazar Tagh and north Minfeng upheaval)in the interior of Taklimakan desert[J].Arid Zone Research, 1993, 10(3):10-15.
[15] 王跃, 董光荣, 王贵勇, 等.麻扎塔格山隆起的时代、形式、幅度及意义[J].中国沙漠, 1995, 15(1):42-48. Wang Yue, Dong Guangrong, Wang Guiyong et al.A discussion on the Mountain uplift and its effect[J].Journal of Desert Research, 1995, 15(1):42-48.
[16] 杨威, 王清华, 赵仁德, 等.和田河气田奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝[J].石油与天然气地质, 2000, 21(3)252-255. Yang Wei, Wang Qinghua, Zhao Rende, et al.Fracture of Ordovician carbonate rocks in Hetian River gas field[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2000, 21(3):252-255.
[17] 胡望水, 陈毓遂, 肖安成, 等.塔里木色力布亚—玛扎塔格断裂系与油气[J].新疆地质, 1996, 14(1):61-68. Hu Wangshui, Chen Yusui, Xiao Ancheng, et.al.Deformation of Selibuya Mazartag fault system in Tarim and its relation with oil gas[J].Xinjiang Geology, 1996, 14(1):61-68.
[18] 胡望水, 陈毓遂, 肖安成, 等.塔西南坳陷主要断裂带构造特征及其控油作用.新疆石油地质, 1997, 18(3):201-207. Hu Wangshui, Chen Yusui, Xiao Ancheng, et al.Structural features of major fault zones in the southwest depression in Tarim Basin and their control on oil accumulation[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 1997, 18(3):201-207.
[19] 肖安成, 杨树锋, 李曰俊, 等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起断裂系统主要形成时代的新认识[J].地质科学, 2005, 40(2):291-302. Xiao Ancheng, Yang Shufeng, Li Yuejun, et al.Main period for creation of fracture system in the Bachu Uplift, Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Journal Geology, 2005, 40(2):291-302.
[20] 杨海军, 李曰俊, 冯晓军, 等.塔里木盆地玛扎塔格构造带断裂构造分析[J].地质科学, 2007, 42(3):506-517. Yang Haijun, Li Yuejun, Feng Xiaojun, et al.Analysis on thrustings of the Mazhatage structural belt in the Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology, 2007, 42(3):506-517.
[21] 刘高波, 施泽进, 佘晓宇.巴楚—麦盖提的区域构造演化与油气分布规律[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 31(2):157-161. Liu Gaobo, Shi Zejin and She Xiaoyu.Regional tectonic evolution and oil—gas distribution of Bachu—Markit[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2004, 31(2):157-161.
[22] 秦胜飞, 贾承造, 李梅.和田河气田天然气东西部差异及原因[J].石油勘探与开发, 2002, 29(5):16-18. Qin Shengfei, Jia Chengzao, Li Mei.The difference in geochemical characteristics of natural gases between eastern and western parts in Hetianhe gasfield of Tarim Basin and its origin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2002, 29(5):16-18.
[23] 秦胜飞, 邹才能, 戴金星, 等.塔里木盆地和田河气田水溶气成藏过程[J].石油勘探与开发, 2006, 33(3):282-288. Qin Shengfei, Zou Caineng, Dai Jinxing, et al.Water-soluble gas accumulation process of Hetianhe gasfield in tarim basin, NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2006, 33(3):282-288.
[24] 付建奎, 张光亚, 马郡, 等.塔里木盆地巴楚地区构造样式与演化[J].石油勘探与开发, 1999, 26(5):10-11. Fu Jiankui, Zhang Guangya, Ma Jun, et.al.The structural styles and evolution of Bachu region Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1999, 26(5):10-11.
[25] 李吉君, 卢双舫, 薛海涛, 等.和田河气田天然气运聚效率及源区探讨[J].石油学报, 2002, 30(3):347-353. Li Jijun, Lu Shuangfang, Xue Haitao, et al.A study on the migration and accumulation efficiency and the source area of natural gas in Hetianhe Gas Field of Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2002, 30(3):347-353.
[26] 邬光辉, 朱海燕, 张立平, 等.和田河气田奥陶系碳酸盐岩气藏类型再认识及其意义[J].天然气工业, 2011, 31(07):5-10. Wu Guanghui, Zhu Haiyan, Zhang Liping, et al.Recognition and its significance of the Ordovician carbonate reservoir types of the Hetianhe Gas Field, Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry, 2011, 31(07):5-10.
[27] 司家亮, 李海兵, 裴军令, 等.塔里木盆地玛扎塔格第四纪沉积环境演变及构造学意义[J].岩石学报, 2011, 27(1):321-332. Si Jialiang, Li Haibing, Pei Junling, et al.Sedimentary environment variation and its tectonic significance of Mazar Tagh in the middle Tarim basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2011, 27(1):321-332.
[28] Dupont-Nivet G, Gun Z, Butler R, et al.Discordant paleomagnetic direction in Miocene rocks from the central Tarim Basin:Evidence for local deformation and inclination shallowing[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2002, 199(3~4):473-482.
[29] 汤良杰.塔里木盆地演化和构造样式[M].北京:地质出版社, 1996:1-136. Tang Liangjie.Evolution and tectonic patterns of Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1996:1-136.
[30] 李洪辉, 邬光辉, 王洪江, 等.塔里木盆地和田河气田周缘构造演化、成藏与勘探领域[J].现代地质, 2009, 23(4):587-594. Li Honghui, Wu Guanghui, Wang Hongjiang, et al.Structural evolution, reservoir-forming and exploration field of peripheral area of the Hetianhe Gas Field in Tarim Basin[J].Geoscience, 2009, 23(4):587-594.
[31] 赵明, 王华, 余腾孝, 等.巴楚断隆西段古董山构造带断层封堵性与油气成藏的关系[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 40(4):1099-1105. Zhao Ming, Wang Hua, Yu Tengxiao, et al.Relationship between sealing characteristics of Gudongshan tectonic belt and hydrocarbon accumulation in west part of Bachu fault-rift area[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology), 2009, 40(4):1099-1105.
[32] 杨勇, 汤良杰, 岳淑娟, 等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起古董山断裂带构造特征及活动时代[J].石油与天然气地质, 2014, 35(1):116-123. Yang Yong, Tang Liangjie, Yue Shujuan, et al.Structural characteristics and active ages of the Gudongshan fault belt in Bachu uplift, Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2014, 35(1):116-123.
[33] 王毅, 张仲培, 张波, 等.塔里木盆地巴楚地区大型膝褶带的发现及油气勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质, 2014, 35(6):914-949. Wang Yi, Zhang Zhongpei, Zhang Bo, et al.Discovery of large kink band structures and petroleum exploration implications in Bachu area, Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2014, 35(6):914-949.
[34] Shaw J, Connors, Suppe J.Seismic interpretation of contractional fault-related folds, an AAPG seismic atlas studies in geology #53[M].Published by The American Association of Petroleum Geologists.Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A.2004:1-156.
[35] Suppe J, Medwedeff D A.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding[J].Eclog Geol Helv, 1990, 83:409-454.
[36] Suppe J, Chou G T, Hook S P.Rates of folding and faulting determined from growth strata[M].London:Chapman & Hall, 1992:105-121.
[37] 崔景伟, 王铁冠, 胡健, 等.塔里木盆地和田河气田轻质油成熟度判定及其油源意义[J].石油与天然气地质, 2013, 34(1):27-35. Cui Jingwei, Wang Tieguan, Hu Jian, et al.2013.Maturity of light oil and its significance in indicating oil source in Hetianhe gas field, Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2013, 34(1):27-35.
[38] Sun J M, Zhang Z Q, Zhang LY.New evidence on the age of the Taklimakan desert[J].Geology, 2009, 37(2):159-162.