基于CT扫描图像的碳酸盐岩油藏孔隙分类方法

doi:10.11743/ogg20200417

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳酸盐岩油藏具有复杂的储集空间和油气渗流特征，定量描述油藏中孔隙、裂缝、孔洞等储集空间的大小、形状及连通性难度较大。提出了一种基于扫描图像判断碳酸盐岩孔隙类型方法，可定量表征孔隙参数，并对岩心样品进行自动分类。该方法首先对碳酸盐岩的岩心扫描图像进行灰度转换和提高信噪比的预处理，然后对图像进行分割，区分出孔隙区域与基质区域。在此基础上，通过形态学处理和特征参数计算等步骤提取出孔隙特征参数，根据特征参数建立特征向量，采用支持向量机方法对CT图像中的孔隙、孔洞和裂缝进行自动识别并分类。在对岩心所有截面孔隙识别的基础上，提出了判断岩心孔隙类型的分类指数。T油田M油藏和F油藏应用结果表明：该方法识别精度较高，有效确定了油藏中占主导地位的孔隙类型，对油田有效开发具有一定的指导意义。

关键词: CT扫描图像, 图像分割, 支持向量机, 分类指数, 孔隙类型, 碳酸盐岩储层, 油田开发

Abstract:

Carbonate reservoirs are characterized by storage space of high heterogeneity and complex seepage mechanism.It is difficult to quantitatively characterize the size, shape and connectivity of pores, fractures, and vugs in the carbonate reservoirs.In this study, a new workflow is proposed to identify pore types, quantitatively characterize pore structure, and automatically classify core plugs based on CT scanned images.The CT scanned images of carbonates were pre-processed to perform gray conversion and increase signal-to-noise ratio, and further segmented to binary images containing pores and matrix.Then, the characteristic pore structure parameters were extracted through a series of procedures including morphology analysis and parameter calculation.The support vector machine method was adopted to automatically identify pores, vugs, and fractures in the CT images.Based on the pore identification of all cross-sections through CT images of the core, the coefficient was proposed to identify pore types.Application of the proposed workflow to the M and F reservoirs in the T oil field indicates that the workflow shows excellent accuracy in pore identification, can effectively determin the major pore types in reservoirs, thus is of guiding significance to effective petroleum development.

Key words: CT scanned image, image segmentation, support vector machine, classification index, pore-type, carbonate reservoir, oilfield development

中图分类号:

TE122.3

廉培庆,高文彬,汤翔,等. 基于CT扫描图像的碳酸盐岩油藏孔隙分类方法[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(4): 852-861. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200417 Peiqing Lian,Wenbin Gao,Xiang Tang,et al. Workflow for pore-type classification of carbonate reservoirs based on CT scanned images[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(4): 852-861. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200417

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编号	类型	有效长度/ mm	迂曲长度/ mm	等效宽度/ mm	最大内切圆半径/mm	等效圆直径/ mm	周长/ mm	面积/ mm²	凸面积/ mm²	方向/ (°)
1	Ⅰ	7.27	8.62	0.50	0.45	2.35	16.28	4.35	6.58	54.3
2	Ⅰ	8.34	15.47	0.57	0.60	3.35	26.55	8.82	18.47	-18.3
3	Ⅰ	5.54	8.92	0.51	0.60	2.41	15.49	4.57	7.99	-52.7
4	Ⅰ	9.63	10.16	0.48	0.40	2.48	20.46	4.83	7.05	-73.8
5	Ⅰ	4.53	4.86	0.47	0.40	1.70	9.63	2.26	2.97	-71.6
6	Ⅰ	8.02	10.56	0.57	0.44	2.76	19.97	5.97	10.12	-69.7
7	Ⅰ	4.70	4.78	0.57	0.40	1.85	10.02	2.69	3.83	-73.3
8	Ⅰ	4.77	4.90	0.52	0.40	1.80	10.14	2.53	3.40	-77.3
9	Ⅰ	9.69	11.98	0.56	0.44	2.91	24.30	6.64	16.45	-57.3
10	Ⅰ	5.26	5.39	0.55	0.40	1.95	11.22	2.98	3.97	-63.6
11	Ⅱ	20.20	21.84	0.71	0.63	4.43	43.85	15.41	23.97	-74.6
12	Ⅱ	15.07	19.99	0.59	0.56	3.87	37.37	11.74	27.55	57.8
13	Ⅱ	10.93	22.42	0.56	0.56	3.98	40.60	12.45	38.25	54.8
14	Ⅱ	11.16	18.03	0.62	1.00	3.76	31.18	11.09	21.98	40.1
15	Ⅲ	1.66	2.16	0.54	0.55	1.21	3.45	1.14	1.18	-45.0
16	Ⅲ	1.77	2.01	0.70	0.59	1.32	3.84	1.37	1.37	-30.8
17	Ⅲ	3.39	3.87	0.87	0.70	2.04	8.04	3.28	3.96	-25.4
18	Ⅲ	2.07	1.85	0.70	0.44	1.27	4.27	1.26	1.41	67.5
19	Ⅲ	1.85	2.61	0.61	0.59	1.41	4.50	1.56	1.64	14.1
20	Ⅲ	1.57	1.73	0.61	0.44	1.14	3.45	1.03	1.10	75.2
21	Ⅲ	2.99	2.21	1.66	0.98	2.14	6.89	3.60	3.83	-76.0
22	Ⅲ	3.45	4.26	0.74	0.59	1.99	8.45	3.10	4.09	-85.5
23	Ⅲ	3.28	3.30	0.95	0.72	1.99	6.94	3.11	3.30	-64.0
24	Ⅲ	1.48	1.65	0.77	0.59	1.27	3.62	1.26	1.26	-6.0

序号	类型	长宽比	纵横比	迂曲度	形状因子	离心度	实心度
1	Ⅰ	17.09	14.41	1.19	0.21	0.99	0.66
2	Ⅰ	27.13	14.62	1.86	0.16	0.97	0.48
3	Ⅰ	17.28	10.78	1.61	0.24	0.88	0.57
4	Ⅰ	21.15	20.14	1.06	0.15	1.00	0.69
5	Ⅰ	10.37	9.71	1.07	0.31	0.99	0.76
6	Ⅰ	18.46	14.11	1.32	0.19	0.99	0.59
7	Ⅰ	8.40	8.32	1.02	0.34	0.99	0.70
8	Ⅰ	9.37	9.17	1.03	0.31	0.99	0.74
9	Ⅰ	21.35	17.37	1.24	0.14	0.98	0.40
10	Ⅰ	9.70	9.49	1.03	0.30	0.99	0.75
11	Ⅱ	30.65	28.48	1.08	0.10	1.00	0.64
12	Ⅱ	33.76	25.56	1.33	0.11	0.99	0.43
13	Ⅱ	40.15	19.64	2.05	0.09	0.87	0.33
14	Ⅱ	29.13	18.08	1.62	0.14	0.96	0.50
15	Ⅲ	3.87	3.05	1.30	1.21	0.43	0.97
16	Ⅲ	2.82	2.54	1.14	1.17	0.58	1.00
17	Ⅲ	4.36	3.91	1.14	0.64	0.81	0.83
18	Ⅲ	2.59	2.97	0.89	0.86	0.86	0.89
19	Ⅲ	4.17	3.02	1.42	0.97	0.57	0.95
20	Ⅲ	2.78	2.58	1.10	1.09	0.78	0.93
21	Ⅲ	1.30	1.80	0.74	0.95	0.64	0.94
22	Ⅲ	5.61	4.65	1.23	0.55	0.90	0.76
23	Ⅲ	3.44	3.45	1.01	0.81	0.90	0.94
24	Ⅲ	2.12	1.93	1.11	1.21	0.70	1.00

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