渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔店组二段细粒沉积岩形成机理与环境演化

doi:10.11743/ogg20200414

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

非常规油气的兴起引发了细粒沉积岩研究的热潮，然而对湖相细粒沉积岩形成机理与环境演化的研究尚处于探索阶段。基于岩心、薄片、全岩X射线衍射、AMICS矿物分析和地球化学等资料，以岩石类型和沉积构造为依据，将渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔(孔店组)二段细粒沉积岩划分为层状细粒长英沉积岩相、块状细粒混积岩相、纹层状细粒混积岩相、纹层状白云岩相和块状白云岩相等5种岩相类型，详细分析每种岩相的沉积环境和形成机理。不同岩相按照一定次序叠置构成4类典型岩相组合，在气候干湿度、水体性质和物源供给强度等方面差异显著，分别对应强陆源输入沉积模式、季节性气候沉积模式、半干旱季节性气候沉积模式和持续干旱沉积模式。通过岩相组合划分和地球化学特征分析，孔二段沉积时期沧东凹陷沉积环境自下而上可划分为Ek²⁽⁴⁾~Ek²⁽³⁾季节性气候阶段、Ek²⁽²⁾潮湿气候阶段与Ek²⁽¹⁾干旱-潮湿转换阶段。研究成果可以为沧东凹陷页岩油的勘探和开发提供理论依据。

关键词: 细粒沉积岩, 岩相, 形成机理, 沉积环境, 沧东凹陷, 渤海湾盆地

Abstract:

The development of unconventional oil and gas has triggered an upsurge of research in fine-grained sedimentary rocks.However, more research on the formation mechanism and depositional environment of lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks is still needed.Through detailed description of core, thin section identification, X-ray diffraction analysis, automated mineral identification and characterization system (AMICS) and geochemical analysis, this paper establishes a classification scheme for lithofacies based on rock types and sedimentary structures.Fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the second member of the Kongdian Formation in the Cangdong Sag of Bohai Bay Basin was divided into five lithofacies: the laminated felsic fine-grained sedimentary rocks, massive mixed fine-grained sedimentary rocks, laminated mixed fine-grained sedimentary rocks, laminated dolomite and massive dolomite.The depositional environment and formation mechanism of each lithofacies type were analyzed.Four types of lithofacies assemblages were identified based on the superimposition patterns of different lithofacies.These assemblages vary in climate conditions, water body characteristics and terrigenous clastic input; and correspond to four depositional modes characterized respectively by intensive terrigenous sediment input, seasonal climate influence, semiarid seasonal influence, and prolonged arid.Analyses of the classification and geochemical indexes of the lithofacies assemblages show that the depositional environment in the second member of the Kongdian Formation can be divided into three stages from bottom to top: the seasonal climate stage from Ek²⁽⁴⁾ to Ek²⁽³⁾, the humid climate stage for Ek²⁽²⁾ and the arid-humid transitory stage for Ek²⁽¹⁾.

Key words: fine-grained sedimentary rock, lithofacies, formation mechanism, depositional environment, Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

邓远,陈世悦,蒲秀刚,等. 渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔店组二段细粒沉积岩形成机理与环境演化[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(4): 811-823, 890. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200414 Yuan Deng,Shiyue Chen,Xiugang Pu,et al. Formation mechanism and environmental evolution of fine-grained sedimentary rocks from the second member of Kongdian Formation in the Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(4): 811-823, 890. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200414

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岩相大类	岩相类型	识别标志
细粒长英沉积岩相	层状细粒长英沉积岩相	灰色-灰白色,发育长英质层或条带
细粒混积岩相	块状细粒混积岩相	灰色,均匀块状,易于破碎,断面呈蛛网状
细粒混积岩相	纹层状细粒混积岩相	深灰色-灰黑色,纹层清晰、细密平直,纹层间发育层理缝
碳酸盐岩相	纹层状白云岩相	灰褐色-褐色,纹层发育,亮暗纹层相间
碳酸盐岩相	块状白云岩相	褐色,均匀块状或透镜状,常见成岩收缩缝

岩相类型	Rb/Sr	Sr/Ba	δU	TOC/%
层状细粒长英沉积岩相	0.21	0.60	0.87	2.08
块状细粒混积岩相	0.17	0.92	0.97	0.96
纹层状细粒混积岩相	0.14	1.01	1.15	5.29
纹层状白云岩相	0.06	1.62	1.33	2.21
块状白云岩相	0.04	1.83	1.11	1.27

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