准噶尔盆地西北缘百口泉地区三叠系冲积沉积体系与油气成藏

doi:10.11743/ogg20200608

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

冲积沉积体系多发育于盆-山耦合处，同时也是重要的油气储集层，研究其特征对于揭示盆-山耦合关系及对油气富集的控制具有重要的理论和现实意义。综合应用高精度开发地震、丰富的密井网资料及取心分析化验资料，对准噶尔盆地西北缘百口泉地区三叠系层序格架进行了划分，明确了其内部沉积类型、展布特征及控制因素，并在此基础上探讨了层序及沉积体系控制下的油气成藏规律。研究表明：①百口泉地区三叠系为完整的二级层序，根据其内部沉积特征的差异将其划分为3个三级层序，即百口泉组及克下组（除S6砂组外）构成的以低位域发育为主的底部三级层序（TSQ1）、S6砂组及克上组构成的以低位域及高位域为主的中部三级层序（TSQ2）、白碱滩组整体以湖侵域及高位域为主的上部三级层序（TSQ3）；②明确冲积扇和扇三角洲为冲积沉积体系主要的沉积类型，与之相伴的沉积类型为辫状河三角洲及湖泊；TSQ1处于湖平面较低时期，发育大规模、垂向呈退积叠置的冲积扇，随着湖平面的上升，TSQ2发育扇三角洲，TSQ3早期湖平面快速上升并达到最大值，发育滨湖-半深湖，晚期湖平面下降发育辫状河三角洲；③百口泉地区三叠系层序及沉积特征与油气成藏具有较好的耦合关系，TSQ1发育厚度较大的近源块状冲积扇砂砾岩储层，加之临近油源断裂具有较好的油气运移路径，后期受断裂遮挡易于形成储量丰度较高的构造-岩性油气藏，TSQ2和TSQ3发育规模较大的扇三角洲及辫状河三角洲，分流河道是其优质储层，远离油源断裂的斜坡部位因沉积差异导致物性的遮挡，易于形成规模较大的岩性油气藏。

关键词: 沉积特征, 成藏规律, 冲积沉积体系, 层序地层, 百口泉, 三叠系, 准噶尔盆地

Abstract:

Alluvial depositional systems, known for their hydrocarbon potential, are mostly developed in basin-range coupling zones.Studying the features of the systems is of great theoretical and practical significance to revealing the coupling relationship between basins and mountains as well as their influence upon hydrocarbon accumulation.Based on high-resolution seismic data, logging and drilling data and core analyses, we studied the Triassic alluvial depositional system in the Baikouquan area of northwestern Junggar Basin and constructed sequence stratigraphic framework to illustrate its facies, distribution and controlling factors.The hydrocarbon accumulation patterns under the control of the system and framework is thereby explored.The research shows that (1) The Triassic in the Baikouquan area is a complete set of second-order sequence, which, according to sedimentary characteristics, can be subdivided into three third-order sequences:the lower third-order sequence (TSQ1) dominated by lowstand system tract in the Baikouquan and Lower Karamay Formations (except for S6 sandbodies); the middle third-order sequence (TSQ2) dominated by lowstand and highstand system tracts in the S6 sandbodies and Upper Karamay Formation; the upper third-order sequence (TSQ3) dominated by transgressive and highstand system tracts in the Baijiantan Formation.(2) Alluvial fan and fan delta are the main sedimentary facies associated with the braided river delta and lacustrine facies.TSQ1, developed in low lake level stage, contains extensive superimposed transgressive alluvial fans.TSQ2 developed with rising lake level contains fan deltas.TSQ3 contains shore to semi-deep lacustrine facies formed during an early stage when lake level rose rapidly to the maximum and braided river delta facies formed during a later stage when lake level dropped.(3) The sequence and sedimentary characteristics of the Triassic system are in good coupling relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation patterns.Massive near-provenance sandy conglomerates of alluvial fan facies are developed in TSQ1 and, with the convenience of migrating along and being favorably blocked (at a later stage) by nearby faults close to source rocks, they turned readily into high-quality tectonic-lithologic reservoirs.TSQ2 and TSQ3 develop large-scale fan delta and braided river delta facies with distributary channels containing high-quality reservoirs and slopes that are far from faults close to source rocks but favorably sealed by differential depositional environment to develop large scale lithologic reservoirs.

Key words: sedimentary characteristics, accumulation pattern, alluvial depositional system, sequence stratigraphy, Baikouquan area, Triassic, Junggar Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.1

秦国省,邹存友,赖令彬,等. 准噶尔盆地西北缘百口泉地区三叠系冲积沉积体系与油气成藏[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(6): 1197-1211. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200608 Guosheng Qin,Cunyou Zou,Lingbin Lai,et al. Alluvial depositional system and its controlling effect on hydrocarbon accumulation of the Triassic in the Baikouquan area, northwestern Junggar Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(6): 1197-1211. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200608

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相	亚相	微相	岩性	构造	厚度/m	韵律特征	电性特征
冲积扇	扇根	主槽、槽滩、片流、漫洪、扇间滩地	灰色-浅灰绿色厚层-块状砂砾岩为主，夹中-薄层灰褐色细砾岩及泥岩	块状层理为主	>10	无	假“反旋回”，箱形
	扇中	辫流河道、辫流砂坝、漫流砂体、漫流细粒	灰褐色中-薄层细砾岩、含砾粗砂岩，可见薄层细砂岩，棕红色泥岩较发育	状层理为主，可见交错层理	3~8	正韵律	箱形，钟形
	扇缘	径流水道、漫溢细粒	灰褐色薄-中层砂砾岩、细砾岩，厚层棕红色泥岩，可见中-薄层中-细砂岩	交错层理、平行层理	2~5	正韵律	钟形
扇三角洲	扇三角洲平原	碎屑流、分流河道、河道间	浅灰色块状砂砾岩、含砾砂岩与棕色薄层泥岩不等厚互层	块状层理、水平层理	3~10	不甚明显的正韵律	箱形，钟形
	扇三角洲前缘	水下分流河道、河口坝、河道间	灰色中-薄层含砾粗砂岩、粗砂岩与灰色泥岩互层	交错层理、平行层理	2~5	正韵律	钟形
	前扇三角洲	泥岩	灰色-深灰色泥岩	—	>2	无	平直近基线
辫状河三角洲	辫状河三角洲平原	辫状河道、心滩坝、泛滥平原	浅灰色中-粗砂岩、细砂岩与灰色泥岩互层	交错层理、侧积层理	2~5	正韵律	钟形为主
	辫状河三角洲前缘	水下分流河道、河口坝、河道间	灰色中-细砂岩，深灰色泥岩	交错层理、平行层理	2~5	正韵律，偶见反韵律	钟形，偶见漏斗形
	前辫状河三角洲	泥岩	灰色泥岩	—	>2	无	平直近基线
湖泊	滨湖-浅湖	砂坝、泥岩	深灰色泥岩，局部夹薄层泥质粉砂岩	水平层理	>10	无	平直近基线
湖泊	半深湖-深湖	深湖泥岩	深灰色泥岩	—	>50	无	平直近基线

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