石油与天然气地质 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 1203-1217.doi: 10.11743/ogg20230510
刘佳庚1,2(), 王艳忠1,2(), 操应长1,2, 王淑萍3, 李雪哲1,2, 王铸坤1,2
收稿日期:
2023-06-09
修回日期:
2023-08-07
出版日期:
2023-10-19
发布日期:
2023-10-19
通讯作者:
王艳忠
E-mail:1160898730@qq.com;wyzh@upc.edu.cn
第一作者简介:
刘佳庚(1995—),男,博士研究生,沉积学、储层地质学。E?mail: 基金项目:
Jiageng LIU1,2(), Yanzhong WANG1,2(), Yingchang CAO1,2, Shuping WANG3, Xuezhe LI1,2, Zhukun WANG1,2
Received:
2023-06-09
Revised:
2023-08-07
Online:
2023-10-19
Published:
2023-10-19
Contact:
Yanzhong WANG
E-mail:1160898730@qq.com;wyzh@upc.edu.cn
摘要:
含油气盆地深层-超深层是全球油气勘探的新领域之一,而对深层-超深层优质储层发育主控因素认识不清制约了其油气勘探。以渤海湾盆地民丰洼陷陡坡带古近系沙河街组四段下亚段(沙四下亚段)近岸水下扇砂砾岩储层为研究对象,综合利用铸体薄片观察、扫描电镜观察、阴极发光薄片鉴定、流体包裹体测温及古压力恢复等方法,结合埋藏史-热史分析,对储层基本特征、油气充注史、压力演化史和优质储层控制因素进行综合研究。结果表明:民丰洼陷陡坡带沙四下亚段砂砾岩储层岩石类型多样,以岩屑质长石砂岩和长石质岩屑砂岩为主;压实作用中等-强,胶结作用以铁白云石胶结为主,其次为石英自生加大;溶解作用整体较弱,主要为长石溶蚀;储集空间以原生孔隙为主,发育少量的长石溶孔。储层中发生过2期石油充注和1期天然气充注:早期石油充注为成熟油充注,发生时间为37.2~25.8 Ma;晚期石油充注为高熟油充注,发生时间为12.0 Ma至今;天然气充注时间为3.6 Ma至今。储层中发育2个增压旋回,第一个增压旋回为45.0~24.6 Ma,第二个增压旋回为24.6 Ma至今,分别对应于2期油气充注期。有利的岩相是民丰洼陷陡坡带沙四下亚段原生孔隙主导型优质储层发育的基础,超压油气充注抑制压实和胶结作用是优质储层发育的关键,深层封闭体系中长石和碳酸盐矿物溶解作用弱、增孔量少;3 750 m以深的储层孔隙度随埋深加大而减少的速率明显下降,深层原生孔隙主导型优质储层的发育大大拓展了勘探的深度下限。
中图分类号:
图2
东营凹陷民丰洼陷陡坡带沙四下亚段储层主要成岩作用特征照片a. 丰深斜11井,埋深4 251.50 m,细砾岩,颗粒线接触,单偏光照片;b. 永斜941井,埋深4 350.00 m,粗砂岩,颗粒接触处为压溶作用,正交光照片;c. 丰深斜101井,埋深4 528.80 m,细砾岩,铁白云石孔隙式胶结,晶体间充填沥青,单偏光照片;d. 丰深斜101井,埋深4 529.40 m,晶形自形的铁白云石充填孔隙,SEM;e. 丰深斜11井,埋深4 194.80 m,晶形自形的铁白云石充填孔隙,SEM;f. 丰深斜11井,埋深4 351.40 m,石英加大边,CL;g. 丰深斜101井,埋深4 529.05 m,长石溶蚀,单偏光照片;h.丰深801井,埋深4 446.00 m,碳酸盐岩岩屑未溶蚀,单偏光照片;i. 丰深斜101井,埋深4 529.40 m,铁白云石交代铁方解石,单偏光照片"
图3
东营凹陷民丰洼陷陡坡带沙四下亚段储层储集空间特征单偏光照片a. 丰深斜101井,埋深4 532.00 m,粗砂岩,原生粒间孔隙;b. 丰深1井,埋深4 322.85 m,中砂岩,原生粒间孔隙;c. 丰深6井,埋深4 401.60 m,细砾岩,胶结残余原生粒间孔;d. 丰深斜101井,埋深4 528.80 m,细砾岩,胶结残余原生粒间孔,长石颗粒粒内溶蚀孔隙;e. 丰深斜101井,埋深4 528.80 m,细砾岩,胶结残余原生粒间孔,长石颗粒粒内溶蚀孔隙;f. 永斜941井,埋深4 415.00 m,粗砂岩,长石颗粒边缘溶蚀孔隙(黄色箭头指示原生粒间孔隙和胶结残余原生粒间孔,红色箭头指示长石溶蚀孔隙。)"
图6
东营凹陷民丰洼陷陡坡带沙四下亚段砂砾岩储层石英愈合裂缝中流体包裹体特征a. 丰深斜101井,埋深4 528.80 m,石英愈合微裂缝中单一液相黄色荧光油包裹体与同期的气-液两相盐水包裹体,单偏光照片 ;b. 丰深斜101井,埋深4 528.80 m,石英愈合微裂缝中单一液相黄色荧光油包裹体与同期的气-液两相盐水包裹体,与a图同视域,荧光照片;c. 丰深斜11井,埋深4 401.30 m,石英愈合微裂缝中气-液两相蓝色荧光油包裹体与同期的气-液两相盐水包裹体,单偏光照片;d. 丰深斜11井,埋深4 401.30 m,石英愈合微裂缝中气-液两相蓝色荧光油包裹体与同期的气-液两相盐水包裹体,与c图同视域,荧光照片;e. 丰深斜101井,埋深4 533.35 m,CH4和N2气包裹体,单偏光照片;f. 丰深斜101井,埋深4 533.35 m,气包裹体激光拉曼光谱特征,照片e中亮蓝色点为激光拉曼光谱测试位置(OIL为油包裹体,LVAI为气-液两相盐水包裹体,GAS为气包裹体。)"
图9
东营凹陷民丰洼陷陡坡带沙四下亚段不同井储层物性对比a1. 永斜941井(扇中)孔隙度频率分布直方图;a2. 永斜941井,埋深4 515.0 m,细砾岩,压实作用较强,储层致密,单偏光照片;a3. 永斜941井,埋深4 527.3 m,含砾砂岩,颗粒间线接触、部分颗粒破碎,单偏光照片;b1. 丰深斜11井(扇中)孔隙度频率分布直方图;b2. 丰深斜11井,埋深4 401.3 m,粗砂岩,原生孔隙大量发育,单偏光照片;b3. 丰深斜11井,埋深4 323.3 m,细砾岩,颗粒间点-线接触,原生孔隙为主,单偏光照片;c1. 丰深斜101井(扇中)孔隙度频率分布直方图;c2. 丰深斜101井,埋深4 531.6 m,粗砂岩,颗粒间点-线接触,原生孔隙大量发育,单偏光照片;c3. 丰深斜101井,埋深4 529.1 m,细砾岩,原生孔隙发育,单偏光照片"
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