裂缝性储层渗透率张量定量预测方法

doi:10.11743/ogg20150618

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对裂缝渗透率张量难以准确定量预测的问题，借助于古今岩石力学层产状的变化，预测裂缝的现今产状；以断裂力学中裂缝表面能以及岩石应变能理论为基础，预测现今裂缝的线密度；通过现今应力场数值模拟，计算三向挤压状态下裂缝的开度，进而确定现今裂缝的平行渗透率。利用裂缝的现今产状将静态坐标系与动态坐标系统一到大地坐标系中，建立了多组裂缝渗透率张量的定量预测模型，给出了渗透率主值、主值方向的计算公式，并且通过调整动态坐标系旋转角预测单元体内不同方向的渗透率。定义了表征渗透率各向异性的3个参数：裂缝渗透率极差比、渗透率突进系数和渗透率变异系数，定量评价裂缝渗透率的非均质性。以铜城断裂带东翼阜宁组二段储层为例，进行了裂缝渗透率张量预测工作。

关键词: 渗透率张量, 渗透率各向异性, 定量预测, 裂缝, 铜城断裂带

Abstract: Aiming at difficulties to quantitatively predict fracture permeability tensor,present fracture occurrence was predicted based on occurrence change of rock mechanical layers.Present liner density of fracture was predicted based on the facture surface energy theory and the rock strain energy theory of fracture mechanics.According to the results of present stress field numerical simulation,fracture opening was calculated in three direction extrusion stress state and then present facture parallel permeability was determined.By using present fracture attitudes,static and dynamic coordinate systems were unified into geodetic coordinate system,a quantitative prediction model of multi-group fracture permeability tensors was constructed,formula for calculating the principal value of permeability and main value direction were given,and permeability at different directions in unit body was predicted by adjusting the dynamic coordinate system rotation angle.Three parameters,the ratio of the maximum and minimum value of the permeability,heterogeneity coefficient of permeability and variation coefficient of permeability,were defined to quantitatively evaluate fracture permeability heterogeneity.Fu-2 Member fractured reservoir in the eastern flank of Tongcheng fault belt was taken as an example to predict fracture permeability tensor.

Key words: permeability tensor, permeability anisotropy, quantitative prediction, fracture, Tongcheng fault belt

中图分类号:

TE122.2

刘敬寿,戴俊生,邹娟,等. 裂缝性储层渗透率张量定量预测方法[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2015, 36(6): 1022-1029. doi: 10.11743/ogg20150618 Liu Jingshou,Dai Junsheng,Zou Juan,et al. Quantitative prediction of permeability tensor of fractured reservoirs[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2015, 36(6): 1022-1029. doi: 10.11743/ogg20150618

参考文献

[1] 刘月田,丁祖鹏,屈亚光,等.油藏裂缝方向表征及渗透率各向异性参数计算[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):842-846. Liu Yuetian,Ding Zupeng,Qu Yaguang,et al.The characterization of fracture orientation and the calculation of anisotropic permeability parameters of reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(5):842-846.
[2] 赵向原,曾联波,靳宝光,等.裂缝性低渗透砂岩油藏合理注水压力——以鄂尔多斯盆地安塞油田王窑区为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(5): 855-861. Zhao Xiangyuan,Zeng Lianbo,Jin Baoguang,et al.Discussion on optimal injection pressure of fractured low-permeability sandstone reservoirs-A case study from Wangyao block in Ansai oilfield,Ordos Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2015,36(5): 855-861.
[3] Abdelkader Kouider El Ouahed,Djebbar Tiab,Amine Mazouzi.Application of artificial intelligence to characterize naturally fractured zones in Haeei Meeeannd Oil Field,Algeriai[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2005,49(3/4):122-141.
[4] 周新桂,张林炎,屈雪峰,等.沿河湾探区低渗透储层构造裂缝特征及分布规律定量预测[J].石油学报,2009,30(2):195-200. Zhou Xingui,Zhang Linyan,Qu Xuefeng,et al.Characteristics and quantitative prediction of distribution laws of tectonic fractures of low-permeability reservoirs in Yanhewan area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(2):195-200.
[5] Titeux M,Janson X,Srinivasan S,et al.Facies distribution in collapsed carbonate karsts:a mechanical approach[A].AAPG Annual Convention & Exhibition[C].Houston:2011.(Poster).
[6] 季宗镇,戴俊生,汪必峰.地应力与构造裂缝参数间的定量关系[J].石油学报,2010,33(1):68-72. Ji Zongzhen,Dai Junsheng,Wang Bifeng.Quantitative relationship between crustal stress and parameters of tectonic fracture[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,33(1):68-72.
[7] 曾联波,漆家福,王成刚,等.构造应力对裂缝形成与流体流动的影响[J].地学前缘,2008,15(3):292-298. Zeng Lianbo,Qi Jiafu,Wang Chenggang,et al.The influence of tectonic stress on fracture formation and fluid flow[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(3):292-298.
[8] 王文环,彭缓缓,李光泉,等.大庆低渗透油藏注水动态裂缝开启机理及有效调整对策[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(5): 842-847. Wang Wenhuan,Peng Huanhuan,Li Guangquan,et al.Opening mechanism of dynamic fractures caused by water injection and effective adjustments in low permeability reservoirs,Daqing oilfield in Songliao Basin.Oil & Gas Geology,2015,36(5): 842-847.
[9] 王珂,戴俊生,张宏国,等.裂缝性储层应力敏感性数值模拟:以库车坳陷克深气田为例[J].石油学报,2014,1(1):123-133. Wang Ke,Dai Junsheng,Zhang Hongguo,et al.Numerical simulation of fractured reservoir stress sensitivity:a case from Kuqa depression Keshen gas field[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,1(1):123-133.
[10] Gurpinar O,Kalbus J,List D F.Numerical modeling of a large,naturally fractured oil complex[R].SPE 59061,2000.
[11] Abbaszadeh M,Corbett C,Broetz R,et al.Development of an integrated reservoir model for a naturally fractured volcanic reservoir in China[R].SPE 59439,2000.
[12] 冯阵东,戴俊生,王霞田,等.不同坐标系中裂缝渗透率的定量计算[J].石油学报,2010,32(1):135-139. Feng Zhendong,Dai Junsheng,Wang Xiatian,et al.Quantitative calculation of the tectonic fracture permeability in different coordinate systems[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,32(1):135-139.
[13] 季宗镇,戴俊生,汪必峰,等.构造裂缝多参数定量计算模型[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,34(1):24-28. Ji Zongzhen,Dai Junsheng,Wang Bifeng,et al.Multi-parameter quantitative calculation model for tectonic fracture [J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Natural Science Edition,2010,34(1):24-28.
[14] 单娴,姚军.基于渗透率张量的各向异性油藏两相渗流数值模拟[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,35(2):101-106. Shan Xian,Yao Jun.Numerical simulation for twophase flow in heterogeneous reservoirs based on full permeability tensor[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2011,35(2):101-106.
[15] 刘月田,刘剑,丁祖鹏,等.非均质各向异性裂缝油藏物理模型制作方法[J].石油学报,2013,34(6):1119-1125. Liu Yuetian,Liu Jian,Ding Zupeng,et al.The method of making physical model for heterogeneous and anisotropic fractured reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(6):1119-1125.
[16] 文世鹏,李德同.储层构造裂缝数值模拟技术[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,1996,20(5):17-24. Wen Shipeng,Li Detong.Numerical simulation technology for structural fracture of reservoir[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Natural Science Edition,1996,20(5):17-24.
[17] 周新桂,张林炎,范昆.含油气盆地低渗透储层构造裂缝定量预测方法和实例[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(3):328-333. Zhou Xingui,Zhang Linyan,Fan Kun.Methods for quantitative prediction of tectonic fractures in compact reservoirs in petroliferous basins and a case study[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(3):328-333.
[18] Bai T,Pollard,David D.Closely space fractures in layered rocks:initiation mechanism and propagation kinematics[J].Journal of structural geology,2000,22(10):1409-1425.
[19] 康志江,赵艳艳,张允,等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏数值模拟技术与应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6): 944-949. Kang Zhijiang,Zhao Yanyan,Zhang Yun,et al.Numerical simulation technology and its application to fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2014,35(6): 944-949.
[20] Chad A,Underwood M L,Cooke J A,et al.Stratigraphic controls on vertical fracture patterns in Silarian dolomite,northeastern Wisconsin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(1):121-142.
[21] 曾联波.低渗透砂岩储层裂缝的形成与分布[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:103-104. Zeng Lianbo.Formation and distribution of fractures in low-permeability sandstone reservoirs[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008:103-104.
[22] 戴俊生,冯建伟,李明,等.砂泥岩间互地层裂缝延伸规律探讨[J].地学前缘,2011,18(2):277-283. Dai Junsheng,Feng Jianwei,Li ming,et al.Discussion on the extension law of structural fracture in sand-mud interbed formation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2011,18(2):277-283.
[23] 冯建伟,戴俊生,马占荣,等.低渗透砂岩裂缝参数与应力场关系理论模型[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):664-671. Feng Jianwei,Dai Junsheng,Ma Zhanrong,et al.The theoretical model between fracture parameters and stress field of low-permeability sandstones[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(4):664-671.
[24] Willis-Richards J,Watanabe K,Takahashi H.Progress toward a stochastic rock mechanics model of engineered geothermal systems[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth (1978-2012),1996,101(B8):17481-17496.
[25] Jing Z,Willis-Richards J,Watanabe K,et al.A new 3D stochastic model for HDR geothermal reservoir in fractured crystalline rock[C].Proceedings of the 4th International HDR Forum,Strasbourg,1998.
[26] Jing Z,Willis-Richards J,Watanabe K,et al.A three-dimensional stochastic rock mechanics model of engineered geothermal systems in fractured crystalline rock[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth (1978-2012),2000,105(B10):23663-23679.
[27] Durham W B,Bonner B P.Self-propping and fluid flow in slightly offset joints at high effective pressures[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth (1978-2012),1994,99(B5):9391-9399.
[28] Chen Z,Naryan S P,Yang Z,et al.An experimental investigation of hydraulic behavior of fractures and joints in granitic rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,2000,37(7):1061-1071.
[29] 秦积舜.变围压条件下低渗砂岩储层渗透率变化规律研究[J].西安石油学院学报:自然科学版,2002,17(4):28-31. Qin Jishun.Variation of the permeability of the low-permeability sandstone reservoir under variable confined pressure[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2002,17(4):28-31.
[30] Choi K,Jackson M D,Hampson G,et al.Impact of het erogeneity on flow in fluvial-deltaic reservoirs:Im plications for the giant ACG field,South Caspian Basin[J].Society of Petroleum Engineers,2007:3214-3229.
[31] Roy B,Anno P,Gurch M.Imaging oil-sand reservoir hetero geneities using wide-angle prestack seismic inversion[J].Leading Edge,2008,27(9):1192-1201.
[32] Kwon S I,Sung W M,Hu H D G,et al.Characterization of reservoir heterogeneity using in verse model equipped with parallel genetic algorithm[J].Energy Sources,2007,29(9):823-838.
[33] 叶绍东.金湖凹陷铜城断层构造特征与油气成藏[J].地质力学学报,2012,18 (2):187-194. Ye Shaodong.Structural characteristics of Tongcheng fault and hydrocarbon accumulation in Jinhu sag[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2012,18(2):187-194.
[34] 能源,漆家福,张春峰,等.金湖凹陷断裂特征及其石油地质意义[J].大地构造与成矿学,2012,36 (1):16-23. Neng Yuan,Qi Jiafu,Zhang Chunfeng,et al.Structural features of the Jinhu sag in the Subei Basin and its petroleum geological significance[J].Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,2012,36 (1):16-23.
[35] 能源,漆家福,张春峰,等.金湖凹陷石港断层构造演化及油气聚集特征[J].石油学报,2009,30(5):667-671. Neng Yuan,Qi Jiafu,Zhang Chunfeng,et al.Structural evolution of Shigang fault and features of hydrocarbon accumulation in Jinhu Sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(5),667-671.
[36] 刘敬寿,戴俊生,王珂,等.斜井岩心裂缝产状校正方法及其应用[J].石油学报,2015,36(1) :67-73. Liu Jingshou,Dai Junsheng,Wang Ke,et al.An approach to correct the attitudes of fracture for deviated borehole in core and its application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(1) :67-73.
[37] 张克银.川西孝泉-新场地区须家河组四段裂缝分布特征[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(4):398-404. Zhang Keyin.Fracture distribution characteristics of 4th member of Xujiahe Formation in Xiaoquan-Xinchang area,western Sichuan[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2014,36(4):398-404.
[38] 杨勉,徐梓洋,杨柏松,等.贝尔凹陷基岩潜山致密储层裂缝分布预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(2): 253-257. Yang Mian,Xu Ziyang,Yang Baisong,et al.Fracture prediction of bedrock buried hill tight reservoirs in Beier Depression.Oil & Gas Geology,2014,35(2): 253-257.
[39] 梁积伟,李宗杰,刘昊伟,等.塔里木盆地塔河油田S108井区奥陶系一间房组裂缝性储层研究[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(5):447-452. Liang Jiwei,Li Zongjie,Liu Haowei,et al.Characteristics of fracture reservoir of Ordovician Yijianfang Formation in S108 area of Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2010,32(5):447-452.
[40] 国殿斌,徐怀民,梁国胜,等.东濮凹陷北部盐间泥岩裂缝储层预测技术研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2014,21(5):53-56. Guo Dianbin,Xu Huaimin,Liang Guosheng,et al.Practical technology of inter-salt mudstone fracture prediction in the north of Dongpu depression[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2014,21(5):53-56.
[41] Hennings P,Allwardt P,Paul P,et al.Relationship between fractures,fault zones,stress,and reservoir productivity in the Suban gas field,Sumatra,Indonesia[J].AAPG bulletin,2012,96(4):753-772.
[42] 陈伟,吴智平,侯峰,等.断裂带内部结构特征及其与油气运聚关系[J].石油学报,2010,31(5):774-780. Wu Wei,Wu Zhiping,Hou Feng,et al.Internal structures of fault zones and their relationship with hydrocarbon migration and accumulation[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(5):774-780.
[43] 谢景彬,龙国清,田昌炳,等.特低渗透砂岩油藏动态裂缝成因及对注水开发的影响——以安塞油田王窑区长6油组为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(3):106-110. Xie Jingbin,Long Guoqing,Tian Changbing,et al.Genetic mechanism of dynamic fracture and its influence on water flooding development in extra-low permeability sandstone reservoir:a case of Chang6 member in Wangyao area,Ansai oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(3):106-110.