苏北地区早寒武世黑色页岩地球化学特征与有机质富集模式

doi:10.11743/ogg20200416

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

早寒武世期间沉积的一套富有机质页岩，沉积厚度大，有机质含量高，是目前华南地区海相页岩气勘探重要目标层系之一。以苏北地区XYZ-1为例，利用钻井岩心资料和地球化学测试分析数据，探讨早寒武世幕府山组黑色页岩的沉积环境及有机质富集模式研究。结果表明，XYZ-1井幕府山组为一套黑色、深灰色炭质页岩夹薄层状碳酸盐岩的沉积层序，顶部和底部发育有石煤层。幕府山组V/（Ni+V）平均值为0.74，Ni/Co的平均值为6.78，U/Th的平均值为1.46，V/Sc的平均值为65.43，氧化还原指标表明幕府山组整体为缺氧的沉积环境，在底部和顶部存在两次较为强烈的硫化事件。幕府山组炭质页岩的TOC平均值为5.62%，其中72.2%的样品大于2%，TOC与TS相关系数高达0.89。因此，缺氧的沉积条件为有机质的富集和保存提供了保障，硫化的沉积环境是有机质富集的关键因素，苏北地区幕府山组具备了发育良好烃源岩和储层的条件。

关键词: 有机质富集, 黑色页岩, 幕府山组, 早寒武世, 苏北地区

Abstract:

A set of black shale deposited in the Early Cambrian and characterized by a large thickness and high organic matter content is one of the important exploration target strata for marine shale gas in South China.The sedimentary environment and enrichment mechanism of organic matters in the black shale are discussed based on the core and geochemical data from Well XYZ-1 drilled through the Early Cambrian Mufushan Formation in northern Jiansu area.The Mufushan Formation in Well XYZ-1 is a set of depositional sequence of black and dark gray carbonaceous shale with stone coal layers on top and at bottom and interbeds of thin-layered carbonate rocks.The average values of V/(Ni+V), Ni/Co, U/Th, and V/Sc are 0.74, 6.78, 1.46, and 65.43, respectively.These ratios as indicators of redox environment suggest that the sediments were under anoxic conditions and two strong sulfidation events once occurred at the bottom and top.The average total organic carbon (TOC) content of the Mufushan carbonaceous shale is 5.62%, with the TOC value of 72.2% of the samples collected greater than 2%.The TOC-TS correlation coefficient is as high as 0.89.The hypoxic environment with sulfidation events provided favorable conditions for the enrichment and preservation of organic matters, thus laid down foundation for the development of high-quality source rocks and reservoirs in the Mufushan Formation of northern Jiansu.

Key words: enrichment of organic matter, black shale, Mufushan Formation, Early Cambrian, northern Jiangsu area

中图分类号:

TE135

张玉玺,陈建文,周江羽. 苏北地区早寒武世黑色页岩地球化学特征与有机质富集模式[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(4): 838-851. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200416 Yuxi Zhang,Jianwen Chen,Jiangyu Zhou. Geochemical features and organic matter enrichment in the Early Cambrian black shale, northern Jiangsu area[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(4): 838-851. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200416

图/表 10

图1

表1

苏北地区XYZ-1井幕府山组黑色页岩主量元素含量"

层位	样品	有机碳和元素含量/%
层位	样品	TOC	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	Fe₂O₃	K₂O	MgO	MnO	Na₂O	P₂O₅	TiO₂
幕Ⅲ段	G1	8.74	53.05	9.45	9.36	4.56	3.35	1.77	0.03	0.01	0.19	0.50
	G2	7.08	51.49	4.24	17.80	1.63	1.70	1.42	0.02	0.01	0.09	0.21
	G3	10.68	48.20	5.12	13.89	1.66	2.09	4.11	0.03	0.01	0.19	0.26
	G4	10.60	65.09	2.12	11.15	1.71	0.79	0.93	0.02	0.01	0.31	0.11
幕Ⅱ段	G5	4.20	60.65	2.52	16.57	0.27	0.94	2.01	0.03	0.01	0.06	0.17
	G6	3.05	48.56	7.49	13.65	1.30	2.49	5.81	0.04	0.01	0.16	0.54
	G7	5.56	29.86	3.95	31.84	0.43	1.35	2.66	0.05	0.01	0.09	0.27
	G8	8.60	19.27	2.88	40.23	0.28	1.04	1.47	0.07	0.01	0.04	0.17
	G9	2.72	50.88	7.89	12.67	1.02	2.66	5.28	0.05	0.01	0.17	0.57
	G10	8.52	16.73	2.13	42.64	0.17	0.66	1.36	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.14
	G11	1.34	68.59	6.19	8.66	1.03	2.11	1.92	0.02	0.01	0.11	0.36
	G12	1.70	55.00	9.76	10.44	1.24	2.70	4.00	0.02	0.01	0.10	0.55
	G13	5.08	12.93	2.06	45.00	0.04	0.58	1.42	0.05	0.01	0.04	0.11
	G14	2.77	52.82	7.74	12.38	0.77	2.07	4.56	0.03	0.01	0.10	0.48
	G15	1.45	57.60	9.35	7.96	1.20	2.49	4.91	0.02	0.01	0.12	0.54
	G16	6.02	18.25	2.52	41.10	0.24	0.60	1.48	0.04	0.01	0.16	0.13
	G17	1.10	59.75	9.65	5.80	2.42	2.58	4.95	0.02	0.01	0.13	0.55
	G18	9.82	25.31	3.32	35.12	0.02	0.87	2.25	0.03	0.01	0.06	0.18
	G19	1.39	57.29	9.58	6.51	1.33	2.68	6.07	0.03	0.01	0.12	0.58
	G20	1.74	55.76	8.80	10.85	1.84	2.31	3.72	0.03	0.04	0.12	0.48
	G21	6.66	15.38	2.38	43.39	0.72	0.50	1.21	0.04	0.29	0.05	0.11
	G22	1.57	59.92	9.93	6.99	0.67	2.68	4.29	0.02	0.18	0.12	0.55
	G23	1.63	65.15	8.07	5.08	1.04	2.09	4.69	0.01	0.02	0.23	0.44
	G24	9.25	33.03	1.55	33.20	0.28	0.45	1.87	0.02	0.02	0.07	0.08
	G25	2.08	60.75	6.70	9.25	1.13	1.70	4.42	0.02	0.01	0.16	0.41
	G26	7.53	21.45	1.80	40.31	0.21	0.39	1.03	0.03	0.01	0.06	0.10
	G27	1.09	82.74	4.32	1.99	1.00	1.31	1.78	0.01	0.01	0.17	0.20
	G28	6.20	17.58	1.70	42.61	0.17	0.35	1.20	0.02	0.01	0.04	0.09
	G29	1.68	60.57	7.37	7.64	0.80	1.92	5.11	0.02	0.01	0.10	0.43
	G30	2.50	58.50	7.33	8.27	0.98	1.73	5.22	0.02	0.03	0.20	0.40
	G31	7.54	28.00	3.83	33.51	0.92	0.87	1.43	0.05	0.24	0.09	0.22
	G32	4.60	45.17	10.26	14.64	1.25	2.94	3.11	0.03	0.18	0.10	0.53
	G33	4.09	47.41	11.17	11.46	1.46	3.28	3.01	0.03	0.01	0.10	0.60
幕Ⅰ段	G34	2.66	51.37	15.68	0.44	4.55	7.63	1.74	0.01	0.06	0.15	0.56
	G35	21.27	39.93	9.52	4.48	3.44	5.25	2.43	0.01	0.01	0.22	0.41
	G36	19.99	31.67	8.65	8.23	2.41	3.30	2.37	0.00	0.01	1.39	0.42
平均值		5.62	45.16	6.31	18.48	1.23	2.01	2.97	0.03	0.04	0.16	0.35

表1

图2

表2

苏北地区XYZ-1井幕府山组黑色页岩稀土元素含量"

样品	稀土元素含量/10^-6																		ΣLREE/ ΣHREE	(La/ Yb)_N	(Gd/ Yb)_N	Y/Ho	δCe
样品	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	Y	ΣREE	ΣLREE	ΣHREE	ΣLREE/ ΣHREE	(La/ Yb)_N	(Gd/ Yb)_N	Y/Ho	δCe
G1	26.20	47.80	5.88	22.10	3.96	0.71	3.39	0.46	3.00	0.59	1.80	0.30	1.95	0.28	18.60	118.42	106.65	11.77	9.06	9.06	1.40	31.53	0.93
G2	18.70	33.90	4.29	16.50	3.31	0.67	3.04	0.46	2.83	0.55	1.65	0.26	1.57	0.23	17.30	87.96	77.37	10.59	7.31	8.03	1.56	31.45	0.91
G3	19.10	35.00	4.39	16.90	3.32	0.64	3.09	0.45	2.88	0.59	1.69	0.26	1.71	0.25	19.70	90.27	79.35	10.92	7.27	7.53	1.46	33.39	0.92
G4	14.70	29.90	3.35	13.80	2.69	0.52	2.70	0.38	2.31	0.43	1.14	0.17	0.96	0.14	14.40	73.19	64.96	8.23	7.89	10.32	2.27	33.49	1.03
G5	24.50	33.10	3.84	12.60	1.69	0.29	1.28	0.17	1.03	0.19	0.56	0.09	0.56	0.09	5.80	79.99	76.02	3.97	19.15	29.50	1.84	30.42	0.82
G6	15.50	26.90	3.28	11.80	2.11	0.39	1.77	0.25	1.54	0.29	0.87	0.14	0.91	0.13	7.90	65.88	59.98	5.90	10.17	11.48	1.57	27.48	0.91
G7	13.70	22.60	2.86	10.60	1.89	0.42	1.77	0.25	1.60	0.32	0.90	0.14	0.95	0.13	8.90	58.13	52.07	6.06	8.59	9.72	1.50	27.81	0.87
G8	12.70	19.90	2.61	9.90	2.02	0.44	1.86	0.29	1.87	0.36	1.05	0.16	1.04	0.15	10.50	54.38	47.60	6.78	7.02	8.23	1.44	29.17	0.83
G9	20.00	34.10	4.25	15.60	2.59	0.47	2.13	0.29	1.88	0.35	1.11	0.19	1.19	0.19	9.70	84.34	77.01	7.33	10.51	11.33	1.44	27.74	0.89
G10	10.50	16.80	1.87	6.70	1.26	0.32	1.12	0.18	1.24	0.25	0.77	0.12	0.87	0.13	7.90	42.09	37.41	4.68	7.99	8.14	1.04	31.68	0.91
G11	13.90	22.80	2.99	11.00	1.86	0.34	1.65	0.22	1.21	0.25	0.73	0.11	0.71	0.11	7.00	57.88	52.89	4.99	10.60	13.20	1.88	28.08	0.85
G12	27.30	39.80	5.51	19.70	3.36	0.61	2.74	0.38	2.42	0.48	1.37	0.21	1.49	0.22	14.00	105.59	96.28	9.31	10.34	12.35	1.48	29.17	0.78
G13	12.70	18.30	2.46	9.50	1.78	0.50	1.63	0.26	1.62	0.31	0.83	0.14	0.82	0.11	9.60	51.04	45.32	5.72	7.92	10.44	1.60	31.19	0.79
G14	20.70	32.10	4.23	15.30	2.48	0.45	2.15	0.30	1.81	0.35	1.01	0.17	1.10	0.16	10.50	82.31	75.26	7.05	10.68	12.69	1.58	30.00	0.83
G15	22.10	34.10	4.51	16.50	2.65	0.44	2.10	0.30	1.79	0.34	0.99	0.16	1.00	0.15	10.30	87.13	80.30	6.83	11.76	14.90	1.69	30.29	0.82
G16	18.80	28.40	4.22	16.50	3.45	0.80	3.28	0.44	2.59	0.48	1.32	0.17	1.24	0.16	16.30	81.85	72.17	9.68	7.46	10.22	2.13	33.96	0.77
G17	25.60	39.40	5.25	18.90	3.04	0.43	2.19	0.31	1.86	0.36	1.06	0.18	1.21	0.17	9.90	99.96	92.62	7.34	12.62	14.26	1.46	27.50	0.82
G18	17.10	25.00	3.47	13.10	2.50	0.54	2.26	0.34	2.11	0.41	1.27	0.19	1.30	0.19	13.80	69.78	61.71	8.07	7.65	8.87	1.40	33.66	0.78
G19	23.40	36.40	4.87	17.90	2.82	0.44	2.28	0.32	2.08	0.40	1.19	0.18	1.30	0.17	12.40	93.75	85.83	7.92	10.84	12.14	1.42	31.00	0.82
G20	30.10	42.80	6.12	21.40	3.65	0.63	2.93	0.44	2.53	0.47	1.49	0.21	1.45	0.20	14.40	114.42	104.70	9.72	10.77	14.00	1.63	30.64	0.76
G21	17.50	22.80	3.24	11.70	2.37	0.57	2.35	0.36	2.30	0.45	1.42	0.22	1.47	0.18	17.50	66.93	58.18	8.75	6.65	8.03	1.29	38.89	0.73
G22	23.70	33.90	4.54	16.50	2.83	0.44	2.10	0.32	1.95	0.39	1.13	0.19	1.30	0.19	12.10	89.48	81.91	7.57	10.82	12.29	1.30	31.03	0.79
G23	20.10	31.10	3.87	13.30	2.05	0.24	1.60	0.19	1.29	0.23	0.66	0.10	0.71	0.11	7.00	75.55	70.66	4.89	14.45	19.09	1.82	30.74	0.85
G24	8.98	12.10	1.65	6.00	1.12	0.23	1.01	0.14	0.92	0.17	0.52	0.08	0.52	0.07	6.30	33.52	30.09	3.43	8.77	11.64	1.57	37.41	0.76
G25	17.90	27.10	3.58	12.30	1.99	0.34	1.72	0.25	1.41	0.27	0.78	0.12	0.82	0.11	8.90	68.69	63.21	5.48	11.53	14.72	1.69	33.30	0.81
G26	9.92	13.60	2.02	7.90	1.62	0.41	1.59	0.24	1.51	0.30	0.84	0.12	0.82	0.11	11.20	41.01	35.48	5.53	6.42	8.16	1.56	37.33	0.73
G27	8.55	16.10	1.96	7.40	1.25	0.14	0.98	0.13	0.72	0.13	0.33	0.05	0.38	0.05	3.50	38.24	35.47	2.77	12.81	15.17	2.08	27.31	0.95
G28	12.10	18.00	2.47	8.90	1.72	0.47	1.61	0.21	1.25	0.23	0.58	0.08	0.58	0.08	7.80	48.28	43.66	4.62	9.45	14.07	2.24	34.04	0.79
G29	15.30	24.50	2.96	10.10	1.49	0.20	1.13	0.17	1.03	0.20	0.60	0.10	0.67	0.10	5.50	58.55	54.55	4.00	13.64	15.40	1.36	27.70	0.88
G30	17.80	28.50	3.57	12.50	2.04	0.32	1.68	0.23	1.26	0.23	0.66	0.10	0.68	0.10	7.10	69.67	64.73	4.94	13.10	17.65	1.99	30.87	0.86
G31	23.80	32.90	4.74	17.50	3.17	0.73	3.08	0.41	2.45	0.46	1.26	0.19	1.14	0.17	16.40	92.00	82.84	9.16	9.04	14.08	2.18	35.65	0.75
G32	29.40	44.00	6.04	21.40	3.59	0.66	2.93	0.44	2.79	0.49	1.45	0.22	1.54	0.22	15.00	115.17	105.09	10.08	10.43	12.87	1.54	30.61	0.79
G33	27.10	38.80	5.43	18.30	3.34	0.65	2.94	0.43	2.53	0.48	1.42	0.22	1.47	0.20	14.50	103.31	93.62	9.69	9.66	12.43	1.61	30.21	0.77
G34	61.30	77.10	10.70	35.60	1.12	0.20	3.76	0.49	3.03	0.61	1.70	0.31	1.99	0.27	18.50	198.18	186.02	12.16	15.30	20.77	1.52	30.33	0.72
G35	51.00	46.90	12.10	52.10	9.37	1.53	13.70	1.99	13.40	3.10	9.91	1.60	10.80	1.64	120.00	229.14	173.00	56.14	3.08	3.18	1.02	38.71	0.45
G36	114.00	85.10	26.10	115.00	23.90	4.69	35.30	5.44	35.80	8.15	24.90	3.77	23.90	3.57	348.00	509.62	368.79	140.83	2.62	3.22	1.19	42.70	0.38

表2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

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