石油与天然气地质 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 801-819.doi: 10.11743/ogg20230401
金之钧1,2,3(), 张谦1,2, 朱如凯4, 董琳2, 付金华5, 刘惠民6, 云露7, 刘国勇8, 黎茂稳3, 赵贤正9, 王小军10, 胡素云4, 唐勇8, 白振瑞3, 孙冬胜3, 李晓光11
收稿日期:
2023-06-30
修回日期:
2023-07-20
出版日期:
2023-08-01
发布日期:
2023-08-09
第一作者简介:
金之钧(1957—),男,教授、中国科学院院士,石油地质理论和能源战略研究。E-mail:基金项目:
Zhijun JIN1,2,3(), Qian ZHANG1,2, Rukai ZHU4, Lin DONG2, Jinhua FU5, Huimin LIU6, Lu YUN7, Guoyong LIU8, Maowen LI3, Xianzheng ZHAO9, Xiaojun WANG10, Suyun HU4, Yong TANG8, Zhenrui BAI3, Dongsheng SUN3, Xiaoguang LI11
Received:
2023-06-30
Revised:
2023-07-20
Online:
2023-08-01
Published:
2023-08-09
摘要:
中国陆相页岩油资源潜力巨大,是中国常规油气的重要战略接替资源。然而,陆相页岩油研究基础薄弱、成因和富集机理不清、“甜点”评价难度较大且标准不一,严重制约着这些资源的开发利用。基于前人研究成果,立足于勘探开发实际,建立了一套简化的陆相页岩油分类评价标准。依据页岩油储集岩石类型和赋存空间,将其分为夹层型、裂缝型和纯页岩型,重点讨论了纯页岩型页岩油。依据纯页岩型页岩油的沉积构造,将其划分为纹层状、层状和块状页岩油。划分方案中未将岩石颗粒粒径作为划分页岩油类型的参数,但保留了传统矿物三端元大类及混合类,去除了进一步细分的亚类。同时,用岩石热解滞留烃含量(S1)代替了有机质丰度和成熟度指标,将页岩油划分为低含油、中等含油和高含油3类。另外,将地层压力系数小于0.8划分为异常低压、0.8 ~ 1.2划分为正常压力、大于1.2划分为异常高压,原油黏度不参与页岩油类型划分。依据研究划分方案给出了陆相页岩油一类、二类和三类甜点的定义,并分析讨论了中国典型陆相盆地代表性页岩油地层。期望利用该页岩油分类方案,进一步明确陆相页岩油甜点评价标准、认识甜点岩石类型、预测甜点分布特征以及更加准确计算页岩油资源量,从而简化实际勘探开发工作流程进而起到更好指导生产的作用。
中图分类号:
图2
基于矿物组分的岩相分区方案(修改自文献[13, 32, 36, 38])1. 内源沉积岩;2.含凝灰内源沉积岩;3.含(粉)/泥内源沉积岩;4.凝灰质内源沉积岩;5.(粉)砂质/泥质内源沉积岩;6.凝灰岩;7. 含(粉)砂/泥沉凝灰岩;8.含内源沉积沉凝灰岩;9.(粉)砂/泥质沉凝灰岩;10.内源沉积质沉凝灰岩;11.(粉)砂岩/泥岩;12.含凝灰(粉)砂岩/泥岩;13.含内源沉积(粉)砂岩/泥岩;14.凝灰质(粉)砂岩/泥岩;15.内源沉积质(粉)砂岩/泥岩;16.火山碎屑型混积岩;17.碳酸盐型混积岩;18.陆源碎屑型混积岩a. 先以50 %为边界确定岩石主名,再以矿物含量25 %为界进行二级分区; b.分别以33 %,50 %和66 %为边界确定岩相类型;c. 全岩矿物和有机岩相综合划分;d. 基于陆源碎屑、火山物质和内源化学物质类型划分"
表1
中国陆相页岩油分类方案"
页岩油类型 | 沉积构造 | 矿物组成 | 岩石热解滞留烃含量S1/(mg/g) | 地层压力系数 | 典型实例 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
夹层型 | 长7段 | ||||
裂缝型 | 风城组 | ||||
纯页岩型 | 纹层状 | <2 | <0.8 | ||
0.8 ~ 1.2 | |||||
>1.2 | |||||
2 ~ 4 | <0.8 | 长7段 | |||
0.8 ~ 1.2 | 沙河街组、孔店组、长7段 | ||||
>1.2 | 沙河街组、青山口组 | ||||
>4 | <0.8 | ||||
0.8 ~ 1.2 | 沙河街组 | ||||
>1.2 | 沙河街组 | ||||
层状 | <2 | <0.8 | |||
0.8 ~ 1.2 | |||||
>1.2 | |||||
2 ~ 4 | <0.8 | ||||
0.8 ~ 1.2 | 沙河街组、孔店组 | ||||
>1.2 | 沙河街组、青山口组 | ||||
>4 | <0.8 | ||||
0.8 ~ 1.2 | 沙河街组、孔店组 | ||||
>1.2 | 沙河街组 | ||||
块状 | <2 | <0.8 | |||
0.8 ~ 1.2 | 风城组 | ||||
>1.2 | 芦草沟组、风城组 | ||||
2 ~ 4 | <0.8 | ||||
0.8 ~ 1.2 | 风城组 | ||||
>1.2 | 芦草沟组、风城组、青山口组 | ||||
>4 | <0.8 | ||||
0.8 ~ 1.2 | |||||
>1.2 |
图6
中国典型陆相盆地6套页岩地层沉积构造特征a. 房39X1井,沙河街组,埋深4 372.05 m,镜下照片; b. 房39X1井,沙河街组,埋深4 372.05 m,镜下照片;c. 官19-25井,孔店组,埋深3 347.08 m,镜下照片; d. 官19-25井,孔店组,埋深3 347.08 m,镜下照片; e. 瑶页1井,长7段,埋深226.00 m,镜下照片; f. 瑶页1井,长7段,埋深226.00 m,镜下照片; g. 古页3HC井,青山口组,埋深2 450.20 m,镜下照片; h. 古页3HC井,青山口组,埋深2 494.70 m,岩心照片; i. 玛页1井,风城组,埋深4 641.09 m,岩心照片; j. 玛页1井,风城组,埋深4 643.53 m,岩心照片; k. J10025井,芦草沟组,埋深3 275.43 m,岩心照片; l. J10025井,芦草沟组,埋深3 723.43 m,岩心照片"
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