超临界二氧化碳混合压裂技术机理及应用——以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷页岩油为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20250216

Abstract

Abstract:

Continental shale oil represents a strategic replacement for improving reserves and well productivity in China. However， its development is facing two major challenges： the limited mobility of hydrocarbon fluids and poor reservoir fracability. To address these issues， we explore the mechanism and application of supercritical carbon dioxide （SC-CO₂） hybrid fracturing for shale oil in the Jiyang Depression， Shengli oilfield， through an array of tests， including the SC-CO₂-water-rock interactions， diffusion and displacement， true triaxial compression， and triaxial compression. The results indicate that dissolution with SC-CO₂ can increase shale porosity by 1 ~ 5 times， resulting in the predominance of mesopores and macropores. In addition， the fractures get enlarged as the reaction goes on. Specifically， the fracture width increased from 399 nm after 2-hour dissolution to 1.535 μm after 12 h， representing a fourfold increase in width， and concurrent permeability increase by 1 ~ 3 orders of magnitude. The SC-CO₂-invovled oil extraction achieved an efficiency of up to 24 %， with minimal effects observed beyond 30 h. Compared to dry shales， the tensile strength of shales subjected to SC-CO₂-water treatment decreased by 31 %. Unlike dry fracturing， SC-CO₂ hybrid fracturing can create bedding-parallel fractures by removing barriers to enhance bedding connectivity， which tend to form a complex fracture network in combination with subsequent hydraulic fractures. Grounded on theoretical research in lab， we conduct field tests of SC-CO₂ fracturing. The test results indicate that， in well Y-1， the average fracture propagation pressure for all sections decreased from 103.4 MPa before CO₂ injection to 100.5 MPa after CO₂ injection. Additionally， microseismic events recorded during fracturing in well Y-1 became more concentrated， with an average event number of 160.8 and an average effective stimulated rock volume （SRV） of 647 800 m³ overall. Moreover， both the viscosity and density of reservoir fluids decreased， resulting in an improvement in their mobility.

Key words: SC-CO₂ hybrid fracturing, fracturing mechanism, continental shale oil, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

CLC Number:

TE357

Dehua ZHOU, Yong YANG, Yunhai WANG, Chuanxiang SUN, Yongwang ZHENG, Anhai ZHONG, Mingjing LU, Ke ZHANG. Mechanism and application of supercritical carbon dioxide hybrid fracturing： A case study of shale oil in the Jiyang Depression， Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2025, 46(2): 575-585.

Figures/Tables 13

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参数	液化石油气（LPG）	液化天然气（LNG）	液氮（N₂）	二氧化碳（CO₂）	超临界二氧化碳（SC-CO₂）
表面张力	低	低	高于CO₂	极低	零
地层深度	深、浅均宜	深、浅均宜	仅浅部可用	深、浅均宜	深、浅均宜
黏度/携砂能力	中等黏度/携砂较好	低黏度/携砂较差	中等黏度/携砂好于CO₂	低黏度/携砂差	低黏度/携砂差
气体分离与返排	易分离，返排快	可二次利用，返排快	需简单处理和清洁	难分离，返排彻底	可二次利用，返排快且彻底
毒性	强	无	无	弱	弱
环保性	需要少量水，利于环保	环保	环保	CO₂逸散于大气中	环保，超临界CO₂可二次利用
初始成本	高	低	中等	高	高
运输成本	中等	低	高	高	很高
经济性	NPV低	NPV中等	NPV较高	NPV高	NPV最高

压裂段号	CO₂注入量/t	平均注入压力/MPa	压裂段号	CO₂注入量/t	平均注入压力/MPa	压裂段号	CO₂注入量/t	平均注入压力/MPa
1	250	49.3	9	260	49.0	17	260	51.5
2	250	47.3	10	240	54.5	18	—	—
3	260	51.6	11	240	48.1	19	240	53.1
4	250	53.2	12	240	48.4	20	—	—
5	260	50.8	13	250	53.2	21	—	—
6	250	49.4	14	260	54.7	22	—	—
7	260	55.1	15	250	49.8	23	—	—
8	260	50.6	16	—	—	24	—	—

参数	水平段长/m	垂深/m	段数	段长/m	簇数	加液强度/（m³/m）	加砂强度/（m³/m）	平均砂比/%
Y-1井（注入CO₂）	1 739	3 500	24	57 ~ 88	7 ~ 8	43.11	3.06	7.42
Y-2井（未注入CO₂）	1 732	3 615 ~ 3 745	28	62 ~ 70	7 ~ 8	46.20	3.04	6.80

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Mechanism and application of supercritical carbon dioxide hybrid fracturing： A case study of shale oil in the Jiyang Depression， Bohai Bay Basin

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