油气系统成因分类及其勘探思路

doi:10.11743/ogg20060101

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过复杂构造改造区油气系统及其油气藏成藏规律的总结,立足于油气系统"动态演化"分析,结合油气藏成因类型,将油气系统分为原生油气系统、再生烃油气系统及复合油气系统3大类。原生油气系统主要是由烃源岩初次生烃所形成的油气系统,其中的油气藏又包括初次生烃形成的原生油气藏,以及原生油气藏被改造、重新调整、再次运聚形成的次生油气藏。再生烃油气系统是指曾经有过生烃过程但因后期构造抬升而暂停生烃的烃源岩被再次深埋,由烃源岩二次或多次生烃的后期生烃过程所形成的油气系统。复合油气系统是指由不同烃源岩形成的不同油气系统在空间与时间上的复合或叠合而成的油气系统。不同的油气系统其勘探思路不同。原生油气藏的勘探主要在于"定凹(生烃凹陷)选带 (有利构造带)"。次生油气藏及复合油气藏的勘探关键在于搞清油气藏的形成、演化与改造过程。再生烃油气藏的勘探主要是确定"二次生烃中心"或再生烃中心,强调晚期成藏的重要性。

关键词: 原生, 次生, 再生烃, 复合, 改造型盆地, 叠合盆地, 残留盆地

Abstract:

Based on summarizing the petroleum systems and reservoiring patterns in complex areas reworked by tectonic movements, petroleum systems can be classified into primary, regenerated and composite types through analysis of"dynamic evolution"and genetic types of reservoirs. The primary petroleum system has mainly been formed by primary hydrocarbon generation of source rocks. The oil and gas reservoirs in the primary petroleum system include primary reservoirs being sourced by primary hydrocarbon generation and secondary reservoirs having experienced remigration and reaccumulation of hydrocarbons after the primary reservoirs have been reconstructed and readjusted. The regenerated petroleum system has been formed in later stage through secondary or even multiple hydrocarbon generation of source rocks that have been reburied after the hydrocarbon generation process ceased due to uplifting. The composite petroleum system has been formed as a result of overlapping or superimposition in space and time of various petroleum systems generated from different source rocks. Different ideas should be applied while exploring different petroleum systems. Exploration of primary petroleum system should be focused on"delineation of sag (oil-generating sag) and selection of zones (favorable structural zone)". Exploration of secondary and composite reservoirs hinges on understanding the formation, evolution and reconstruction processes of reservoirs. While the key of exploration of regenerated reservoirs is to define the"secondary hydrocarbon generation center"or"regeneration center"and to stress the importance of late reservoiring.

Key words: primary, secondary, regeneration of hydrocarbon, composite, reconstructed basin, superimposed basin, residual basin

中图分类号:

TE112.3

赵宗举. 油气系统成因分类及其勘探思路[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2006, 27(1): 1-10. doi: 10.11743/ogg20060101 Zhao Zongju. Genetic classification of petroleum system and idea of exploration[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2006, 27(1): 1-10. doi: 10.11743/ogg20060101

参考文献

[1] Dew W G.Application of oil correlation and source rock data to exploration in Williston basin(abs.) [J].AAPG Bulletin,1972,56:615
[2] Perrodon A,Masse P.Subsidence,sedimentation and petroleum system [J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1984,7 (1):5-26
[3] Magoon L B,Dow W G,The petroleum system:from source to trap [J].AAPG Memoir 60,1994
[4] Demaison G,Huizinga B J.Genetic classification of petroleum system[J].AAPG Bulletin,1991,75 (10):1 626-1 643
[5] Magoon L B.Identified petroleum systems within the United States[M].in Magoon B L,ed.,The petroleum system-status of research and methods.USGS Bulletin,1989.2-9
[6] Magoon L B.Identified petroleum systems within the United States[M].in Magoon L B,ed.,The petroleum system-status of research and methods.USGS Bulletin,1992,2-11
[7] Perrodon A.Petroleum systems:models and applications [J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1992,15 (3):319-326
[8] 宋建国,张光亚.中国油气系统分类与勘探方向[A].见:胡见义,编.中国含油气系统的应用与进展[C].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.25～32Song Jianguo,Zhang Guangya.Classification of petroleum system and exploration direction in China [A].In:Hu Jianyi,ed.Application and evolvement of petroleum system in China[C].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997.25-32
[9] 窦立荣,李伟,方向.中国陆相含油气系统的成因类型及分布特征[J].石油勘探与开发,1996,23(1):1～6Dou Lirong,Li Wei,Fang Xiang.Genetic classification and distribution characteristics of continental petroleum systems in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1996,23 (1):1-6
[10] 张厚福,孙红军,梅红.多旋回构造变动区的油气系统[J].石油学报,1999,20(1):8～12Zhang Houfu,Sun Hongjun,Mei Hong.The petroleum system in the region of polycyclic tectonic movement[J].Acta petrolei Sinica,1999,20(1):8-12
[11] 赵宗举,朱琰,王根海,等.叠合盆地油气系统研究方法-以中国南方中、古生界为例[J].石油学报,2002,23(1):11～18Zhao Zongju,Zhu Yan,Wang Genhai,et al.The studying method of petroleum system in superposition basin-as an example by analyzing Mesozoic & Paleozoic in southern China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(1):11-18
[12] 赵宗举,朱琰,徐云俊.中国南方古生界-中生界油气藏成藏规律及勘探方向[J].地质学报,2004,78(5):710～720Zhao Zongju,Zhu Yan,Xu Yunjun.Formation rules and prediction of exploration targets of Paleozoic-Mesozoic oil-gas reservoirs in southern China [J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2004,78(5):710-720
[13] 邱蕴玉,徐濂,黄华梁.威远气田成藏模式初探[J].天然气工业,1994,14(1):9～13Qiu Yunyu,Xu Lian,Huang Hualiang.Preliminary discussion on pool-formed patterns in Weiyuan gas field [J].Natural Gas Industry,14(1):9-13
[14] 赵孟军.塔里木盆地和田河气田天然气的特殊来源及非烃组分的成因[J].地质论评,2002,48(5):480～486Zhao Mengjun.Special source of the natural gases of the Hotan River gas field and the origin of its non-hydrocarbon gases [J].Geological Review,2002,48 (5):480-486
[15] 张水昌,赵文智,王飞宇,等.塔里木盆地东部地区古生界原油裂解气成藏历史分析-以英南2气藏为例[J].天然气地球科学,2004,15(5):441～451Zhang Shuichang,Zhao Wenzhi,Wang Feiyu,et al.Paleozoic oil cracking gas accumulation history from eastern part of the Tarim basin-a case study of the YN2 gas reservoir [J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2004,15(5):441-451
[16] 赵宗举.再生烃油气系统成因及分布[J].海相油气地质,2005,9(4):1～8Zhao Zongju.Formation and distribution of hydrocarbon-regeneration petroleum system [J].Marine Petroleum Geology,2005,9(4):1-8
[17] 冉启贵.华北古生界煤岩成烃及二次生烃研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,22(增刊):6～9Ran Qigui.The study of secondary hydrocarbon generation from coal bearing series of Paleozoic in North China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1995,22 (S0):6-9
[18] 解启来,周中毅,施继锡,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区下古生界二次生烃的类型及其特征[J].地质论评,2004,50(4):377～383Xie Qilai,Zhou Zhongyi,Shi Jixi,et.al.Classification and characteristics of hydrocarbon regeneration from the Lower Paleozoic Group in the Tazhong area of Tarim basin [J].Geological Review,2004,50 (4):377-383
[19] 秦建中,郭树之,王东良.苏桥煤型气田地化特征及其对比[J].天然气工业,1991,11(5):21～26Qin Jianzhong,Guo Shuzhi,Wang Dongliang.Geochemical characteristics of Suqiao coal-formed gas field and their contrast[J].Natural Gas Industry,1991,11(5):21-25
[20] 赵文智,何登发,池英柳,等.中国复合含油气系统的基本特征与勘探技术[J].石油学报,2000,22(1):6～13Zhao Wenzhi,He Dengfa,Chi Yingliu,et al.Major characteristics and exploration technology of multi-source petroleum systems in China[J].Acta PetroleiSinica,2000,22(1):6-13
[21] 何治亮,毛洪斌,周晓芬,等塔里木多旋回盆地与复式油气系统[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,21(3):207～213He Zhiliang,Mao Hongbin,Zhou Xiaofen,et.al.Complex petroleum system and multicycle basin in Tarim[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2000,21 (3):207-213
[22] 戚厚发,孔志平.我国较大气田形成及富集条件分析[A].天然气地质研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1992.8～14Qi Houfa,Kong Zhiping.The condition analysis of formation and enrichment of bigger gas fields in China[A].The study of natural gas geology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1992.8-14
[23] 赵文智,何登发.中国含油气系统的基本特征与勘探对策[J].石油学报,2002,23(6):1～11Zhao Wenzhi,He Dengfa.Petroleum exploration characteristics and exploration strategy of composite petroleum systems in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(6):1-11
[24] 张义杰,柳广弟.准噶尔盆地复合油气系统特征、演化与油气勘探方向[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):36～39Zhang Yijie,Liu Guangdi.Characteristics and evolution of composite petroleum systems and the exploration strategy in Junggar basin,northwest China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(1):36-39
[25] 王运所,姜舒文,廖家汉,等.莘县凹陷下第三系含油气系统分析[J].石油天然气地质,2001,22(3):256～260Wang Yunsuo,Jiang Shuwen,Liao Jiahan,et al.Analysis of Lower Tertiary petroleum systems in Shenxian sag[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2001,22(3):256-260
[26] 顾惠荣,贾健谊,叶加仁.东海西湖凹陷含油气系统特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(3):295～297,306Gu Huirong,Jia Jianyi,Ye Jiaren.Characteristics of oil-and gas-bearing system in Xihu lake depression in the East China Sea[J].Oil & gas Geology,2002,23(3):295-297,306
[27] 帅德福,王秉海,陈余康,等.中国石油地质志(卷六)-胜利油田[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993Shuai Defu,Wang binghai,Chen Yukang,et al.Petroleum geology of China (V6)-Shengli oil field [M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993
[28] 池英柳.渤海湾盆地含油气系统形成与油气分布特征[A].见:胡见义,编.中国含油气系统的应用与进展[C].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.195～206Chi Yingliu.Formation of the petroleum system and hydrocarbon distribution in the Bohaiwan basin.In:Hu Jianyi,ed.Application and evolvement of Petroleum system in China [C].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997.195-206
[29] 孙肇才,邱蕴玉,郭正吾.板内形变与晚期次生成藏-扬子区海相油气总体形成规律的探讨[J].石油实验地质,1991,13(2):107～142Sun Zhaocai,Qiu Yunyu,Guo Zhengwu.On the relationship of the intraplate deformation and the secondary formation of oil/gas pools-the general regularities of the oil/gas formation in marine environment of the Yangtze area[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,1991,13(2):107-142
[30] 李一平.四川盆地已知大中型气田成藏条件研究[J].天然气工业,1996,16(增刊):1～12Li Yiping.Reservoir-formed condition research on the known large-medium gas fields in Sichuan basin [J].Natural Gas Industry,1996.16(S0):1-12
[31] 韩克猷.川东开江古隆起大中型气田的形成及勘探目标[J].天然气工业,1995,15(4):1～5Han Keyou.Forming of large-middle scale gas fields at Kaijiang palaeohigh in east Sichuan and exploration target[J].Natural Gas Industry,1995,15(4):1-5
[32] 四川省地质矿产局.四川省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.206～241,564～566Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Sichuan Province.Regional geology of Sichuan province [M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1991,206-241,564-566
[33] 冉宏.川东石炭系气藏天然气充满度类型及其控制因素探讨[J].天然气工业,1994,14(5):34～37Ran Hong.Discussion on the types of gas packing density and control factors in Chuandong Carboniferous reservoirs [J].Natural Gas Industry,1994,14 (5):34-37
[34] 董秀芳.塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系生油岩成油期:兼谈喜山晚期"二次生油"[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1994,14(3):51～60Dong Xiufang.Study on the oil-forming periods of Cambro-Ordovician source rocks in the Tarim basin and also on the secondary generation of oil in the late Himalayan epoch[J].Marine Geology & Quaternaty Geology,1994,14(3):51-60
[35] 牟泽辉,熊海河,朱宏权,等.塔里木盆地阿克库勒凸起油气成藏演化[J].石油与天然气地质,1997,18(3):228～230Mou Zehui,Xiong Haihe,Zhu Hongquan,et al.Evolution of oil reservoiring in Akekule uplift,Tarim basin [J].Oil & Gas Geolo gy,1997,18(3):228-230