石油与天然气地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 1092-1106.doi: 10.11743/ogg20250405

• 油气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

全油气系统形成演化过程中常规与非常规油气藏转化机制及模式

肖惠译1,2(), 庞雄奇1,2(), 李才俊1,2, 胡涛1,2, 徐帜1,2, 林孝飞1,2, 胡耀1,2, 王雷1,2, 崔新璇1,2, 施砍园1,2,3, 蒲庭玉1,2, 鲍李银1,2   

  1. 1.油气资源与工程全国重点实验室,北京 102249
    2.中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院,北京 102249
    3.中国石化 石油勘探开发研究院,北京 102206
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-08 修回日期:2025-07-06 出版日期:2025-08-30 发布日期:2025-09-06
  • 通讯作者: 庞雄奇 E-mail:M17373505530@163.com;pangxq@cup.edu.cn
  • 第一作者简介:肖惠译(1999—),男,博士研究生,油气成藏与分布规律。E-mail:M17373505530@163.com
  • 基金项目:
    中国石油科学研究与技术开发项目(2021DJ0101);国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金项目(U19B6003-02)

Mechanisms and models of conversion between conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs during the formation and evolution of the whole petroleum system

Huiyi XIAO1,2(), Xiongqi PANG1,2(), Caijun LI1,2, Tao HU1,2, Zhi XU1,2, Xiaofei LIN1,2, Yao HU1,2, Lei WANG1,2, Xinxuan CUI1,2, Kanyuan SHI1,2,3, Tingyu PU1,2, Liyin BAO1,2   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering,Beijing 102249,China
    2.College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum (Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
    3.Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute,SINOPEC,Beijing 102206,China
  • Received:2025-05-08 Revised:2025-07-06 Online:2025-08-30 Published:2025-09-06
  • Contact: Xiongqi PANG E-mail:M17373505530@163.com;pangxq@cup.edu.cn

摘要:

全油气系统理论阐述了常规油气藏—致密油气藏—页岩油气藏有序分布基本模式,为常规和非常规油气藏的联合评价与勘探开发提供了重要的理论基础。然而,在全油气系统演化过程中,受“多动力、多期次、多要素”叠加复合成藏作用影响,形成的复杂油气藏往往难以通过油气藏有序分布基本模式进行识别和解释。基于动力学成藏作用对中国6大盆地典型油气藏进行分类与剖析,探讨了全油气系统演化过程中的常规与非常规油气藏转化机制。研究结果表明:①从全油气系统的基本原理出发,各类油气藏具有成因关联性。②在油气动力场的演化过程中,深层介质(尤其是碳酸盐岩储层)的形成和发育不仅受控于压实成岩作用,更受到流体活动及构造应力等多种改造作用的强烈影响,从而导致油气藏呈现特殊的分布模式。③通过系统分析,揭示了4种常规与非常规油气藏转化模式,包括压实致密型、应力改造型和流体改造型、特殊介质改造型,多种地质作用的复合效应使油气成藏特征与分布规律更为复杂。该研究对于深化全油气系统动态演化过程与机制的认识具有重要意义,为厘定复杂地质条件下全油气系统中油气藏形成与分布规律提供了理论依据。

关键词: 油气动力场, 油气藏转化, 改造型油气藏, 复杂油气藏, 全油气系统

Abstract:

The theory of the whole petroleum system (WPS) defines the orderly distribution of conventional, tight, and shale reservoirs, providing an important theoretical basis for the combined evaluation, exploration, and exploitation of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, during the evolution of the WPS, complex hydrocarbon reservoirs are formed by the superimposed, composite hydrocarbon accumulation processes characterized by multiple driving forces, multiple stages, and diverse elements. It’s hard to identify and explain these complex reservoirs using the orderly distribution pattern of various hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on dynamic hydrocarbon accumulation processes, we categorize and analyze typical hydrocarbon reservoirs across six major basins of China. Furthermore, we explore the mechanisms controlling the conversion between conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs during the evolution of the WPS. The results indicate that all types of hydrocarbon reservoirs exhibit genetic correlations according to the basic principle of the WPS. As hydrocarbon dynamic fields evolve, the formation and development of deep media (especially carbonate reservoirs) are governed by compaction and diagenesis, while intensively reformed by geofluid activities and tectonic stress, among others. A distinctive distribution pattern of hydrocarbon reservoirs occurs as a result. Systematic analysis reveals four conversion models between conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs, namely, compaction-induced tightness, stress reformation, geofluid reformation, and special medium reformation. The combined effects of multiple geological processes lead to more complex hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and reservoir distribution patterns. This study holds great significance for deepening the understanding of the dynamic evolution process and mechanisms of the WPS, providing a theoretical basis for determining the formation and distribution patterns of hydrocarbon reservoirs in the WPS under complex geological conditions.

Key words: hydrocarbon dynamic field, hydrocarbon reservoir conversion, reformed hydrocarbon reservoir, complex hydrocarbon reservoir, whole petroleum system (WPS)

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