石油与天然气地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 1281-1298.doi: 10.11743/ogg20250417

• 油气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

远源型致密油气藏运聚动力与成藏模式——以准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷三叠系百口泉组砂砾岩油藏为例

胡耀1,2,3(), 贾承造1,4, 庞雄奇1,2(), 宋永3, 何文军1,2,5, 陈宏飞1,2,6, 鲍李银1,2, 陈玮岩3, 赵文3, 肖惠译1,2, 李才俊1,2, 徐帜1,2   

  1. 1.中国石油大学（北京） 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室，北京 102249
    2.中国石油大学（北京） 地球科学学院，北京 102249
    3.中国石油 勘探开发研究院，北京 100083
    4.中国石油天然气集团有限公司，北京 100724
    5.中国石油 新疆油田公司 勘探开发研究院，新疆 克拉玛依 834000
    6.中国石油 新疆油田公司 重油开发公司，新疆 克拉玛依 834000
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-08 修回日期:2025-07-23 出版日期:2025-08-30 发布日期:2025-09-06
  • 通讯作者: 庞雄奇 E-mail:hy_geology0626@163.com;pangxq@cup.edu.cn
  • 第一作者简介:胡耀（1997—），男，博士研究生，油气成藏与分布规律。E‑mail： hy_geology0626@163.com。
  • 基金项目:
    中国石油科学研究与技术开发项目(2021DJ0101);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(42402161)

Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation dynamics and model of distal tight hydrocarbon reservoirs： A case study of sandy conglomerate oil reservoirs in the Triassic Baikouquan Formation， Mahu Sag， Junggar Basin

Yao HU1,2,3(), Chengzao JIA1,4, Xiongqi PANG1,2(), Yong SONG3, Wenjun HE1,2,5, Hongfei CHEN1,2,6, Liyin BAO1,2, Weiyan CHEN3, Wen ZHAO3, Huiyi XIAO1,2, Caijun LI1,2, Zhi XU1,2   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering，China University of Petroleum （Beijing），Beijing 102249，China
    2.College of Geosciences，China University of Petroleum （Beijing），Beijing 102249，China
    3.Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development，PetroChina，Beijing 100083，China
    4.China National Petroleum Corporation （CNPC），Beijing 100724，China
    5.Exploration and Development Research Institute，Xinjiang Oilfield Company，PetroChina，Karamay，Xinjiang 834000，China
    6.Heavy Oil Development Company，Xinjiang Oilfield Company，PetroChina，Karamay，Xinjiang 834000，China
  • Received:2025-05-08 Revised:2025-07-23 Online:2025-08-30 Published:2025-09-06
  • Contact: Xiongqi PANG E-mail:hy_geology0626@163.com;pangxq@cup.edu.cn

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摘要：

全油气系统理论为油气勘探提供了全新研究视角，在多个盆地勘探实践中成效显著。实际地质条件下，油气藏受多种动力耦合作用而呈现出复杂的形成过程，定量识别全油气系统内复杂油气藏的形成动力类型及其相对贡献，成为当前油气成藏研究面临的重要挑战。准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷三叠系百口泉组致密砂砾岩储层作为全油气系统内特殊的远源型致密油气藏，是国内外罕见的储量丰富的砂砾岩油区。基于全油气系统浮力成藏下限判别新技术，明确玛湖凹陷百口泉组浮力成藏下限对应的孔隙度和渗透率的临界条件分别为12%和1 × 10-3 μm2，据此识别出百口泉组砂砾岩油藏运聚动力包括浮力（Ⅰ）、非浮力（Ⅱ）、构造应力（Ⅲ1）和地质流体活动（Ⅲ2）4类，对已探明储量的贡献量分别为13.10%，45.32%，37.44%和4.14%。依据主要动力贡献量，确定百口泉组砂砾岩油藏属于非浮力和构造应力改造2种动力联合成藏类型。岩相学和流体包裹体实验分析显示，百口泉组油藏在早侏罗世和早白垩世经历了2期关键的油气充注事件，第一成藏期在毛管压力和浮力作用下分别形成致密油藏和常规油藏，第二成藏期则形成毛管压力主导驱动的致密油藏。现今油藏演变为毛管压力驱动的低孔-低渗致密油藏与构造应力驱动的低孔-高渗裂缝型油藏。通过剖析关键成藏期多种地质要素耦合关系，总结出玛湖凹陷百口泉组砂砾岩油藏“多动力-多期次-多岩相”复合成藏模式。远源型致密油气藏成藏动力机制的揭示，为此类油气藏高效的勘探开发提供了新思路，并为完善全油气系统理论提供了重要的实践依据。

关键词: 成藏动力, 全油气系统, 致密砂砾岩, 复杂油气藏, 百口泉组, 玛湖凹陷, 准噶尔盆地

Abstract:

The whole petroleum system （WPS） theory serves to introduce a new perspective for hydrocarbon exploration， contributing to significant achievements in exploration practices across multiple basins. Under actual geological conditions， hydrocarbon reservoirs tend to exhibit complex formation processes due to the interplay of multiple dynamic forces. Identifying the dynamic types that drive the formation of complex hydrocarbon reservoirs within a WPS and quantifying their respective contributions have become a key challenge in current research on hydrocarbon accumulation. As a distinct category of distal tight hydrocarbon reservoirs in the WPS， the tight sandy conglomerate reservoirs of the Triassic Baikouquan Formation in the Mahu Sag， Junggar Basin represent a globally rare sandy conglomerate oil play with abundant reserves. A new technique for identifying the buoyancy-driven hydrocarbon accumulation depth （BHAD） in a WPS reveals that the BHAD of the Baikouquan Formation corresponds to a critical porosity of 12% and a critical permeability of 1 × 10-3 μm2. Accordingly， four driving forces of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the formation’s sandy conglomerate oil reservoirs are identified， namely， the buoyancy （Ⅰ） and non-buoyancy forces （Ⅱ）， tectonic stress （Ⅲ1）， and the geofluid activity （Ⅲ2）， which contribute 13.10%， 45.32%， 37.44%， and 4.14%， respectively to the proven reserves of these reservoirs. The contributions of major driving forces indicate that the sandy conglomerate oil reservoirs represent a joint-dynamic accumulation type dominated by non-buoyancy and tectonic stress reformation. Petrographic and fluid inclusion analyses reveal that oil reservoirs in the Baikouquan Formation underwent two key hydrocarbon charging events during the Early Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. During the first accumulation stage， tight and conventional oil reservoirs are formed under the action of capillary pressure and buoyancy， respectively. In contrast， during the second accumulation stage， tight oil reservoirs are primarily formed through capillary pressure. Currently， these oil reservoirs have evolved into two distinct types： low-porosity， low-permeability tight reservoirs formed by capillary pressure and tectonic stress-reformed low-porosity， high-permeability fractured oil reservoirs. Analysis of the coupling relationships between geological factors during key accumulation stages reveals that the sandy conglomerate oil reservoirs in the Baikouquan Formation exhibit a composite accumulation model characterized by multiple driving forces， multiple stages， and multi-lithofacies. Determining the dynamic mechanisms behind hydrocarbon accumulation in distal tight hydrocarbon reservoirs will provide a new philosophy for the efficient exploration and exploitation of these reservoirs while also offering an important practical basis for improving the WPS theory.

Key words: accumulation dynamics, whole petroleum system （WPS）, tight sandy conglomerate, complex hydrocarbon reservoir, Baikouquan Formation, Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin

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