断块型沉火山碎屑岩致密气藏有效储层控制因素及分布规律——以松辽盆地南部王府气田白垩系沙河子组为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20210217

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

沉火山碎屑岩致密气属于特殊的复杂岩性非常规气藏，目前研究程度和勘探开发程度低。松辽盆地王府断陷沙河子组发育断块控制的沉火山碎屑岩致密气藏，由于兼具断块、沉火山碎屑岩、致密气藏的复杂性，对储层发育控制因素认识不清导致气藏勘探开发难度极大。采用多种技术手段，在评价沉火山碎屑岩致密气藏特殊性和储层岩性、储集空间、孔隙结构、物性和有效性特征基础上，分宏观气藏、中观砂体及微观储层3个层次，揭示了研究区源-储关系、成藏要素、层间非均质、层内非均质和微观成岩作用对有效储层发育特征的影响，形成了构造控制成藏圈闭、断层控制运移通道、砂体控制气藏分布、非均质性控制层内气水关系、成岩作用控制甜点富集的认识。在此基础上进一步揭示有效储层平面上沿缓坡带由东向西整体呈树枝状发散分布，垂向上为丘状岩体控制下的块状、反韵律分布等规律。研究成果在城深6井区开发井位部署、老井复查中取得较好效果，为类似复杂致密气藏的勘探部署和分类精细开发提供参考。

关键词: 控制因素, 分布规律, 有效储层, 致密气, 断块型, 沉火山碎屑岩, 沙河子组, 松辽盆地

Abstract:

Tight gas pyroclastic rock reservoirs are special unconventional gas reservoirs with complex lithology that call for in-depth research and more exploration.Those developed in the Shahezi Formation of Wangfu Fault Depression, Songliao Basin, are found to be challenging with fault blocks as their major control coupled with confusing features of sedimentary pyroclastic rocks and tight gas reservoirs.Limited understanding of the controlling fault blocks has hindered the exploration of the reservoirs.In this study, various techniques were used to evaluate the unique features of the reservoirs, including lithology, storage space, pore structure, physical properties and reservoir effectiveness, with a view to revealing the impact of source rock-reservoir interaction, hydrocarbon pooling elements, interlayer and intra-layer heterogeneities, and micro-diagenesis on the development of effective reservoirs from macroscopic (i.e.gas pools), mesoscopic (i.e.sand bodies), and microscopic (i.e.reservoirs) perspectives.We concluded that the traps, migration channels, gas pool distribution, gas-water contact and sweet spot distribution of the reservoirs in the area are conditioned by structures, faults, sand bodies, intra-layer heterogeneity and diagenesis, respectively.In addition, the lateral distribution of the reservoirs can be likened to branches of a tree along gentle slope zones from east to west; while vertically, the reservoirs are blocky and anti-rhythm distributed under the control of some hummocky rocks.The conclusion was applied to the well emplacement and mature well reevaluation in the Chengshen 6 well-block and yielded positive results, thus can be used for reference for the exploration, deployment, and classification of similar tight gas reservoirs in other areas.

Key words: controlling factor, distribution pattern, effective reservoir, tight gas, block-type, sedimentary pyroclastic rock, Shahezi Formation, Songliao Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

曾凡成,张昌民,李忠诚,等. 断块型沉火山碎屑岩致密气藏有效储层控制因素及分布规律——以松辽盆地南部王府气田白垩系沙河子组为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(2): 481-493. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210217 Fancheng Zeng,Changmin Zhang,Zhongcheng Li,et al. Controlling factors and distribution pattern of effective tight gas pools in blocky pyroclastic rocks in the Cretaceous Shahezi Formation in Wangfu gas field, southern Songliao Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(2): 481-493. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210217

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储层类别	沉积成因	岩石学特征		致密化成因	储集空间类型	孔隙结构	基质物性	典型实例
储层类别	沉积成因	类型	成分	致密化成因	储集空间类型	孔隙结构	基质物性	典型实例
致密碎屑岩	剥蚀、搬运、快速堆积	砂岩、砂砾岩	石英、长石、岩屑、粘土矿物	分异差，压实、充填、胶结、自生粘土矿物、石英次生加大等	少量原生粒间孔，粒内熔孔、粒边缘溶蚀等次生孔隙为主，微裂隙	小孔隙、微细孔隙缩小型喉道、中等分选、中等连通性	孔隙度：5%~10%渗透率： < 0.1×10^-3 μm²	长岭气田(登娄库组)、苏里格气田(石河子组)、新场气田(须家河组)等
致密火山熔岩	火山喷发、岩浆浅层侵入	火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩	石英、长石、辉石、角闪石、黑云母等	弱挥发分逸散；强焊接、缓慢结晶；弱溶蚀	气孔、粒间孔、溶蚀孔、裂缝	多尺度孔隙、微细孔隙缩小型+裂缝型喉道、极差分选、差连通性	孔隙度： < 10%渗透率： < 0.5×10^-3 μm²	长岭气田(营城组)、王府气田(火石岭组)、徐深气田等
沉火山碎屑岩	火山喷出物直接入湖、火山岩形成后再搬运、火山岩体破坏后再搬运	沉火山角砾岩、沉凝灰岩	石英、长石、岩屑、粘土矿物、晶屑、玻屑、凝灰质等	火山成因破坏作用、再搬运沉积破坏作用、复杂岩性影响(泥质充填、抗压实能力弱)	粒间(内)溶孔、脱玻化微孔隙、残余气孔、微裂隙	复杂孔隙、微细孔隙缩小型+裂缝型喉道、极差分选、极差连通性	孔隙度：3%~10%渗透率： < 0.1×10^-3 μm²	王府气田(沙河子组)、克拉美丽气田、徐深气田等

井号	全岩矿物/%						粘土矿物相对含量/%
井号	石英	钾长石	钠长石	方解石	浊沸石	粘土矿物	蒙脱石	伊蒙混层	伊利石	高岭石	绿泥石	绿蒙混层
城深12	26.70	10.45	28.50	0.10	—	34.25	—	65.50	11.50	—	23.00	—
城深6	30.18	15.98	33.70	2.53	2.53	15.03	—	—	—	—	100.00	—
城深601	18.15	9.05	43.25	—	—	29.55	—	50.00	6.00	—	44.00	—
平均	25.01	11.83	35.15	0.89	0.84	26.28	—	38.50	5.83	—	55.67	—

尺度	控制因素	主要控制机理	主要类型及特征
宏观-气藏级别	源储关系	控制气藏的形成	源内原生气藏
宏观-气藏级别	构造特征	控制次生气藏分布	近源次生气藏
中观-砂体级别	沉积分异	层间非均质控制层间气水关系	砂为主，储层有效性最关键
中观-砂体级别	沉积分异	层内非均质控制层内气水分布的复杂性	两种模式，气水关系复杂化
微观-储层级别	成岩作用	控制储层储渗特征及品质	压实、溶蚀、脱玻化是关键

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