石油与天然气地质 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 533-546.doi: 10.11743/ogg20210301

• 油气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

深层-超深层碳酸盐岩储层理论技术进展与攻关方向

何治亮1,2(), 马永生1,2,*(), 朱东亚3, 段太忠3, 耿建华4, 张军涛3, 丁茜3, 钱一雄3, 沃玉进3, 高志前5   

  1. 1. 页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室, 北京 100083
    2. 中国石油化工股份有限公司, 北京 100728
    3. 中国石化 石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
    4. 同济大学 海洋与地球科学学院, 上海 200092
    5. 中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-20 出版日期:2021-06-28 发布日期:2021-06-23
  • 通讯作者: 马永生 E-mail:hezhiliang@sinopec.com;mays@sinopec.com
  • 作者简介:何治亮(1963—),男,博士、教授级高级工程师,石油地质。E-mail: hezhiliang@sinopec.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家“万人计划”科学家工作室,国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金项目(U19B6003);中国科学院A类先导项目(XDA14010201);中国石化科技部地质建模项目群(P21038)

Theoretical and technological progress and research direction of deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs

Zhiliang He1,2(), Yongsheng Ma1,2,*(), Dongya Zhu3, Taizhong Duan3, Jianhua Geng4, Juntao Zhang3, Qian Ding3, Yixiong Qian3, Yujin Wo3, Zhiqian Gao5   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 100083, China
    2. China Petrochemical Corporation Ltd., Beijing 100728, China
    3. Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
    4. School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    5. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2021-05-20 Online:2021-06-28 Published:2021-06-23
  • Contact: Yongsheng Ma E-mail:hezhiliang@sinopec.com;mays@sinopec.com

摘要:

中国碳酸盐岩油气勘探不断向深层和超深层推进,发现了越来越多的油气资源,成为世界超深层领域油气勘探开发最活跃的地区。围绕深层-超深层碳酸盐岩储集体成因机理、地质模式、地球物理预测和储层精细建模等方面,取得了重要进展。在深层优质碳酸盐岩储集体的成因研究上初步形成了一些共识:原始高能相带和早期白云岩化作用是优质储集体发育的基础;构造抬升导致与不整合面相关的大气水岩溶作用,形成岩溶缝洞型储层;早期物质基础与后期深埋的构造-流体环境是深层优质碳酸盐岩储层形成-保持的关键。针对碳酸盐岩成岩流体识别示踪和成岩期次定年研究取得了重要进展,为碳酸盐岩储层高精度、高时空分辨率的成岩演化过程分析和成储模式的建立,提供了新的思路和方向。深层-超深层碳酸盐岩储层地震预测技术,分别在高压条件下碳酸盐岩储层岩石骨架弹性变化规律与岩石物理模型、多相态混合孔隙流体弹性性质变化规律以及高分辨率储层反演等几个方面,取得了一些实质性进展。在深层碳酸盐岩储集体精细建模方法上,分别形成了结合多点统计与沉积过程模拟的地质建模技术、孔隙型碳酸盐岩油气藏智能优化地层沉积反演建模技术、多尺度数据融合岩石物理相建模技术、细胞自动机断控岩溶过程数值模拟技术。深层-超深层碳酸盐岩储层研究还面临一系列的重大理论技术难题。有关深层-超深层优质碳酸盐岩储层成因机理的学术观点纷争,深层储层地震预测还存在重大技术瓶颈,目前尚缺乏成熟有效的深层储层精细表征与建模技术。未来需要在岩石学、矿物学和地球化学研究基础上,明确成岩流体类型,通过高温高压溶蚀实验和数值模拟等方法,探索复杂流体作用下,特别是有机成岩流体作用下的储集空间形成与保持机制;开发出更高温压条件下的岩石弹性测量系统,分析强非均质性带来的地震波传播的尺度效应,以地质目标模型为导向不断优化储层刻画技术流程;探索攻关多场耦合下的储层沉积、成岩正反演数值模拟技术,发展多尺度数据融合、多方法协同的储层智能建模技术,提升深层储层建模精度。

关键词: 成因机理, 岩石物理模型, 地震预测, 精细地质建模, 地质过程模拟, 地质模式, 碳酸盐岩储层, 深层-超深层

Abstract:

The journey marching into deep and ultra-deep carbonates in China has been rewarded with more and more oil and gas discoveries, thus making the country the most active area for ultra-deep oil and gas exploration and development across the world.As a result, progresses have been made in the study of formation mechanisms, geological models, geophysical prediction and fine geo-modeling of these carbonate reservoirs.Some preliminary consensuses on high-quality deep carbonate reservoir genesis were reached: original high-energy facies and early dolomitization are the basis for the development of high-quality reservoirs; tectonic uplift activities lead to meteoric water karstification associated with unconformity, resulting in karst fractured-vuggy reservoirs; and a combination of early-stage material basis with later burial environment is key to the formation and preservation of high-quality reservoirs.Significant progress identification and tracking of diagenetic fluids and timing of diagenesis shed light on the diagenetic evolution analysis and geo-modeling with high precision and resolution.Substantial advancement has also been achieved in seismic technology for the elastic property variation trend prediction of rock frame under high temperature and high pressure, the construction of rock physics models, the elastic property variation trend prediction of multi-phase pore fluids mixtures and the high-resolution seismic inversion.As for the fine geo-modeling of the reservoirs, the multi-point statistics technology combined with sedimentary process simulation, porous carbonate sedimentary inversion with intelligent optimization, petrophysical facies modeling of multi-scale data fusion, and cellular automata fault-controlled paleokarst process numerical simulation were developed.Despite the progress, the study of deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs is still faced with a series of significant theoretical and technical challenges: disputes on genesis, technical bottlenecks constraining seismic prediction, and a lack of effective and fine characterization and model for reservoirs, to name just a few.It is suggested that the future study be focused on the diagenetic fluid identification based on available petrological, mineralogical and geochemical data, as well as revealing the formation and maintenance mechanisms of reservoir space under complex fluids through high temperature and high pressure dissolution experiments and numerical modeling; on the development of a system for elastic property measurement of carbonates under higher temperature and pressure settings to analyze the scaling effects of seismic wave propragation due to the strong reservoir heterogeneities and establish the reservoir characterization workflow that can be real-timely optimized according to the geological target as well; on forward and inversion numerical simulation of sedimentary reservoirs and diagenesis under multi-field coupling; and on intelligent geo-modeling for multi-scale data fusion and multi-method collaboration with a view to improving the geo-modeling accuracy.

Key words: formation mechanism, petrophysical model, seismic prediction, fine geo-modeling, geological process simulation, geological model, carbonate reservoir, deep and ultra-deep reservoirs

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