石油与天然气地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 1316-1332.doi: 10.11743/ogg20250419

• 油气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

塔里木盆地西南坳陷全油气系统多源复合成藏特征与有序分布模式

金玉洁1,2(), 王雷1,2, 庞雄奇1,2, 陈君青1,3, 张现军4, 姜福杰1,2, 陈宝新4   

  1. 1.中国石油大学(北京),北京 102249
    2.中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室,北京 102249
    3.中国石油大学(北京) 理学院 油气光学探测技术重点实验室,北京 102249
    4.中国石油 塔里木油田分公司,新疆 库尔勒 841000
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-12 修回日期:2025-07-14 出版日期:2025-08-30 发布日期:2025-09-06
  • 第一作者简介:金玉洁(1990—),女,博士研究生,油气藏形成与分布。E-mail: jinyjcup@163.com
  • 基金项目:
    中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目(2021DJ0101)

Multi-sourced composite hydrocarbon accumulation and ordered distribution pattern of the whole petroleum system in the Southwestern Depression, Tarim Basin

Yujie JIN1,2(), Lei WANG1,2, Xiongqi PANG1,2, Junqing CHEN1,3, Xianjun ZHANG4, Fujie JIANG1,2, Baoxin CHEN4   

  1. 1.China University of Petroleum (Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering,China University of Petroleum (Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
    3.Beijing Key Laboratory of Optical Detection Technology for Oil and Gas,College of Science,China University of Petroleum (Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
    4.Tarim Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Korla,Xinjiang 841000,China
  • Received:2025-05-12 Revised:2025-07-14 Online:2025-08-30 Published:2025-09-06

摘要:

塔里木盆地西南(塔西南)坳陷地处盆-山过渡带,发育寒武系、奥陶系、石炭系、二叠系和侏罗系等多套优质烃源岩。这些烃源岩层的成因与分布没有关联性,但在多期构造演化与多期成藏作用的过程中形成了多来源油气复合的复杂油气藏。本文在全油气系统理论指导下,综合开展了油气地球化学、储层物性与油气藏产状特征分析,系统剖析了塔西南坳陷“全油气系统多源复合型油气藏”的油气成藏机制和有序分布模式。研究表明,塔西南坳陷多源复合-多期构造叠合-多动力改造耦合形成的复杂油气藏具有4个基本特征:①油气成藏具有寒武系、石炭系、二叠系和侏罗系多源供烃、混源充注以及构造控制的油气运聚特征。②加里东期、晚海西期及印支期—天山期多期构造叠加塑造了多形式的油气运移通道与多动力聚集系统,形成了常规与非常规油气藏的差异聚集和有序分布特征。③系统演化过程中,自由动力场高孔-高渗储层控制常规油气藏的形成与分布,局限动力场低孔-低渗储层控制致密油气藏形成与分布,而束缚动力场源内超致密储层控制页岩油气藏形成与分布。④动力场形成演化过程中受应力和流体改造形成了裂缝型和孔洞型油气藏,导致多来源复合油气藏成因类型更加复杂。

关键词: 改造类油气藏, 常规和非常规油气藏, 多来源复合全油气系统, 油气成藏机制, 化石能源, 塔西南坳陷, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

The Southwestern Depression of the Tarim Basin (also known as the Southwest Tarim Depression), located in a basin-mountain transitional zone, hosts multiple suites of high-quality source rocks, including Cambrian, Ordovician, Carboniferous, Permian, and Jurassic formations. Despite their uncorrelated genesis and distribution, these strata contribute to the formation of complex hydrocarbon reservoirs with composite hydrocarbon sources through multi-stage tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation. Using the whole petroleum system (WPS) theory as a guide, we comprehensively analyze the petroleum geochemistry, reservoir characterization, and the reservoir occurrence. Accordingly, the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms and ordered distribution pattern of the multi-sourced composite hydrocarbon reservoirs within the WPS of the Southwest Tarim Depression is examined. The results indicate that these complex hydrocarbon reservoirs, shaped by the coupling of multi-source inputs, multi-stage tectonic superposition, and multi-dynamic modification, exhibit four fundamental characteristics. First, the hydrocarbon accumulation features hydrocarbon supply from multiple sources, including the Cambrian, Carboniferous, Permian, and Jurassic formations; mixed hydrocarbon contributions; and structurally controlled hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Second, multi-stage tectonic superposition during the Caledonian, Late Hercynian, and Indo-Tianshan orogenic events, sculpt diverse hydrocarbon migration pathways and a multi-dynamic hydrocarbon accumulation system. This results in differential hydrocarbon accumulation and ordered distribution of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Third, during the system evolution, high-porosity and high-permeability reservoirs in the free-hydrocarbon dynamic field (F-HDF) govern the formation and distribution of conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. In contrast, low-porosity and low-permeability reservoirs in the confined-hydrocarbon dynamic field (C-HDF) control the formation and distribution of tight hydrocarbon reservoirs, while intra-source ultra-tight reservoirs in the bound-hydrocarbon dynamic field (B-HDF) determine the formation and distribution of shale hydrocarbon reservoirs. Last, the stress deformation and fluid-rock interactions during dynamic field evolution gives rise to dual reservoir types (i.e., fractured and vuggy reservoirs), substantially complicating the genetic classification of multi-sourced, composite hydrocarbon accumulations.

Key words: reformed hydrocarbon reservoir, conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs, multi-sourced composite whole petroleum system (WPS), hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism, fossil fuel, Southwest Tarim Depression, Tarim Basin

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