石油与天然气地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 1299-1315.doi: 10.11743/ogg20250418

• 油气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

塔里木盆地台盆区下古生界全油气系统碳酸盐岩油气藏改造特征与成因模式

曹鹏1,2,3(), 赵振丞1,2, 庞雄奇1,2(), 李才俊1,2, 庞宏1,2, 林会喜4, 杨海军5, 马奎友1,2, 张思佳1,2   

  1. 1.中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室,北京 102249
    2.中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院,北京 102249
    3.中国石油 迪拜研究院,迪拜 415747
    4.中国石化 石油勘探开发研究院,北京 102206
    5.中国石油 塔里木油田公司,新疆 库尔勒 841000
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-20 修回日期:2025-08-08 出版日期:2025-08-30 发布日期:2025-09-06
  • 通讯作者: 庞雄奇 E-mail:caopeng@cnpcrd.com;pangxq@cup.edu.cn
  • 第一作者简介:曹鹏(1985—),男,高级工程师,碳酸盐岩油藏综合地质描述与成藏、油藏工程。E-mail:caopeng@cnpcrd.com
  • 基金项目:
    中国石油科学研究与技术开发项目(2021DJ0101);国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金项目(U19B6003-02)

Transformations and genetic models of the Lower Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs interpreted by the whole petroleum system in the platform-basin area, Tarim Basin

Peng CAO1,2,3(), Zhencheng ZHAO1,2, Xiongqi PANG1,2(), Caijun LI1,2, Hong PANG1,2, Huixi LIN4, Haijun YANG5, Kuiyou MA1,2, Sijia ZHANG1,2   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering,China University of Petroleum (Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
    2.College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum (Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
    3.CNPC R&D (DIFC) Company Limited,Dubai 415747,The United Arab Emirates
    4.Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute,SINOPEC,Beijing 102206,China
    5.Tarim Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Korla,Xinjiang 841000,China
  • Received:2025-05-20 Revised:2025-08-08 Online:2025-08-30 Published:2025-09-06
  • Contact: Xiongqi PANG E-mail:caopeng@cnpcrd.com;pangxq@cup.edu.cn

摘要:

塔里木盆地台盆区深层碳酸盐岩储层是中国重要油气产层,油气资源潜力巨大。受多期构造活动、多期油气充注和调整改造的影响,其油气藏改造特征、成因模式和分布规律尚不完全明确,制约了深层-超深层油气探勘的进展。基于全油气系统理论,系统研究了塔里木盆地台盆区下古生界碳酸盐岩油气藏改造特征与成因模式,研究结果表明:①台盆区碳酸盐岩改造类油气藏油气成藏动力边界和动力场均受到构造破坏;早期油气藏类型由连续致密油气藏转变为常规裂缝型、缝洞型或孔洞型油气藏。呈现叠复连续油气藏特征,形成断溶体油气藏新类型。②台盆区碳酸盐岩改造类油气藏受控于沉积演化、构造运动、成藏期次和保存条件等多因素动态耦合,历经3个演化阶段,油气成藏动力边界在物理化学的作用下被破坏。③改造类油气藏具有“纵向分层、横向分带”的有序分布特征。纵向分层性主要由岩性组合和沉积环境差异决定,横向分带性则受断裂和不整合面发育程度控制。礁滩体油气藏和不整合孔洞类油气藏主要位于自由动力场,断层裂缝类油气藏则位于浮力成藏下限与油气成藏底线之间的局限动力场。

关键词: 成因模式, 改造特征, 碳酸盐岩, 下古生界, 台盆区, 全油气系统, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

Deep carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs in the platform-basin area of the Tarim Basin represent a significant hydrocarbon pay interval in China, holding considerable resource potential. However, their transformation characteristics, genetic models, and distribution patterns remain poorly understood due to the influence of multi-phase tectonic activities, multi-stage hydrocarbon charging, and late-stage adjustments and modifications. These hinder the progress of effective deep and ultra-deep hydrocarbon exploration therein. Based on the theory of the whole petroleum system, we systematically investigate the transformation processes and genetic models of the Lower Paleozoic carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs in the platform-basin area of the Tarim Basin. The results indicate that the reformed carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs in the platform-basin area exhibit several distinct characteristics: (1) tectonization-induced failure of the dynamic boundaries for hydrocarbon accumulation; (2) tectonic movement-induced failure of the dynamic fields for hydrocarbon accumulation and migration; (3) the transformation of early-stage continuous, tight reservoirs into conventional fractured, fractured-vuggy, or pore-cavity reservoirs; (4) the formation of superimposed, consistently distributed hydrocarbon reservoirs, and (5) the emergence of novel fault-karst hydrocarbon reservoirs. These reservoirs are governed by the dynamic coupling of multiple factors, including sedimentary evolution, tectonic movements, hydrocarbon accumulation and migration stages, and preservation conditions. The failure of the dynamic boundaries for hydrocarbon accumulation occurred after three evolutionary stages of physicochemical effects. The reformed hydrocarbon reservoirs display an orderly distribution pattern characterized by vertical layering and lateral zoning. The vertical layering is primarily determined by the differences in lithologic assemblages and depositional environments, while the lateral zoning is controlled by the developmental degrees of faults and unconformities. In the platform-basin area, reef-shoal and unconformity-controlled pore-cavity reservoirs are predominantly distributed within free hydrodynamic fields. In contrast, fault-controlled fractured reservoirs are typically found in constrained hydrodynamic fields between the buoyancy-driven hydrocarbon accumulation depth (BHAD) and the baseline of hydrocarbon accumulation.

Key words: genetic model, transformation characteristics, carbonate rock, Lower Paleozoic, non-foreland basin area, whole petroleum system, Tarim Basin

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