石油与天然气地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 1907-1926.doi: 10.11743/ogg20250611
孙川翔1,2,3(
), 张珂4, 聂海宽1,2,3(
), 苏海琨4, 万成祥1,2,3, 边瑞康1,2,3, 俞凌杰1,2, 杨振恒1,2
收稿日期:2025-04-01
修回日期:2025-06-30
出版日期:2025-12-30
发布日期:2025-12-25
通讯作者:
聂海宽
E-mail:suncx.syky@sinopec.com;niehk.syky@sinopec.com
第一作者简介:孙川翔(1990—)硕士、副研究员,非常规油气地质。E‑mail: suncx.syky@sinopec.com。
基金项目:
Chuanxiang SUN1,2,3(
), Ke ZHANG4, Haikuan NIE1,2,3(
), Haikun SU4, Chengxiang WAN1,2,3, Ruikang BIAN1,2,3, Lingjie YU1,2, Zhenheng YANG1,2
Received:2025-04-01
Revised:2025-06-30
Online:2025-12-30
Published:2025-12-25
Contact:
Haikuan NIE
E-mail:suncx.syky@sinopec.com;niehk.syky@sinopec.com
摘要:
四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组深层-超深层页岩气资源潜力大,但其储层特征与中-浅层存在显著差异。以川东凤来和梁平地区深层(埋深> 3 500 m)和超深层(埋深> 4 500 m)页岩为重点研究对象,通过场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)观测、高压压汞-气体吸附联合孔隙表征、聚焦离子束扫描电镜(FIB-SEM)三维孔隙重构、覆压孔-渗测试及流体包裹体显微测温等实验分析,结合与涪陵焦石坝中-浅层页岩储层的系统对比,阐明了深层-超深层页岩储层特征及其与中-浅层差异的主控因素。研究表明:①川东深层-超深层富有机质硅质页岩仍保持良好储集性能,表现为有机质孔主导的孔隙结构、相对较高的孔隙度和渗透率,并具有较强抗压实能力和有限裂缝-流体活动。②与中-浅层页岩储层相比,深层-超深层页岩无机质孔和微裂缝发育程度显著降低,介孔-宏孔占比增加,且受上覆压力影响渗透率显著下降。③深层-超深层与中-浅层储层差异主要受构造位置、矿物组分、成岩作用、构造演化和裂缝-流体活动共同控制。研究成果为四川盆地深层-超深层页岩气勘探开发提供了地质依据。
中图分类号:
表1
川东凤来地区JY11井五峰组-龙马溪组深层页岩孔容与孔隙比表面积"
| 层位 | 埋深/m | 孔容/(mL/g) | 孔容占比/% | 孔隙比表面积/(m2/g) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 微孔 | 介孔 | 大孔 | 累计 | 微孔 | 介孔 | 宏孔 | |||
| 平均值 | 0.007 17 | 0.010 57 | 0.001 13 | 0.018 87 | 38 | 56 | 6 | 16.548 | |
| 龙马溪组 | 4 157.69 | 0.005 93 | 0.009 53 | 0.001 36 | 0.016 82 | 35 | 57 | 8 | 13.596 |
| 龙马溪组 | 4 167.25 | 0.006 18 | 0.010 53 | 0.001 07 | 0.017 78 | 35 | 59 | 6 | 14.615 |
| 龙马溪组 | 4 174.45 | 0.006 45 | 0.007 64 | 0.001 12 | 0.015 21 | 42 | 50 | 7 | 14.371 |
| 龙马溪组 | 4 177.86 | 0.003 51 | 0.007 14 | 0.000 91 | 0.011 56 | 30 | 62 | 8 | 8.437 |
| 龙马溪组 | 4 179.43 | 0.006 63 | 0.008 90 | 0.000 70 | 0.016 20 | 41 | 55 | 4 | 14.746 |
| 五峰组 | 4 182.56 | 0.008 52 | 0.013 48 | 0.000 91 | 0.022 91 | 37 | 59 | 4 | 20.014 |
| 五峰组 | 4 183.55 | 0.008 96 | 0.011 09 | 0.001 33 | 0.021 38 | 42 | 52 | 6 | 20.411 |
| 五峰组 | 4 184.36 | 0.011 17 | 0.016 28 | 0.001 55 | 0.029 00 | 39 | 56 | 5 | 26.197 |
表2
川东凤来地区JY11井五峰组-龙马溪组深层页岩覆压孔隙度和渗透率"
| 压力/MPa | 样品JY11-6 | 样品JY11-10 | 样品JY11-11 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 孔隙度/% | 渗透率/(10-3 μm2) | 孔隙度/% | 渗透率/(10-3 μm2) | 孔隙度/% | 渗透率/(10-3 μm2) | |
| 5 | 3.19 | 0.004 09 | 4.14 | 0.001 25 | 4.08 | 0.001 22 |
| 10 | 3.06 | 0.003 89 | 4.00 | 0.001 18 | 3.92 | 0.001 14 |
| 20 | 2.92 | 0.003 69 | 3.83 | 0.001 10 | 3.75 | 0.001 07 |
| 30 | 2.81 | 0.003 49 | 3.70 | 0.001 04 | 3.64 | 0.001 01 |
| 40 | 2.75 | 0.003 29 | 3.61 | 0.000 99 | 3.55 | 0.000 97 |
| 50 | 2.69 | 0.003 09 | 3.53 | 0.000 95 | 3.46 | 0.000 92 |
表3
川东梁平地区PS1井五峰组-龙马溪组超深层页岩孔容与孔隙比表面积"
| 层位 | 埋深/m | 孔容/(mL/g) | 孔容占比/% | 孔隙比表面积/(m2/g) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 微孔 | 介孔 | 大孔 | 累计 | 微孔 | 介孔 | 宏孔 | |||
| 平均值 | 0.008 760 | 0.013 690 | 0.008 060 | 0.030 510 | 29 | 45 | 26 | 20.343 | |
| 龙马溪组 | 5 950.54 | 0.006 120 | 0.011 560 | 0.001 081 | 0.018 761 | 33 | 62 | 6 | 14.523 |
| 龙马溪组 | 5 952.12 | 0.005 060 | 0.010 290 | 0.000 741 | 0.016 091 | 31 | 64 | 5 | 11.959 |
| 龙马溪组 | 5 953.55 | 0.008 690 | 0.011 790 | 0.003 965 | 0.024 445 | 36 | 48 | 16 | 19.793 |
| 龙马溪组 | 5 955.05 | 0.004 800 | 0.006 210 | 0.001 526 | 0.012 536 | 38 | 50 | 12 | 10.066 |
| 龙马溪组 | 5 957.91 | 0.016 320 | 0.012 410 | 0.060 193 | 0.088 923 | 18 | 14 | 68 | 36.592 |
| 五峰组 | 5 959.82 | 0.010 800 | 0.019 500 | 0.001 432 | 0.031 732 | 34 | 61 | 5 | 26.008 |
| 五峰组 | 5 961.86 | 0.009 040 | 0.016 430 | 0.000 951 | 0.026 421 | 34 | 62 | 4 | 21.473 |
| 五峰组 | 5 963.09 | 0.007 550 | 0.014 530 | 0.001 317 | 0.023 397 | 32 | 62 | 6 | 17.760 |
| 五峰组 | 5 965.41 | 0.010 460 | 0.020 490 | 0.001 346 | 0.032 296 | 32 | 63 | 4 | 24.920 |
表4
川东梁平地区PS1井五峰组-龙马溪组超深层页岩覆压孔隙度和渗透率"
| 压力/MPa | 样品PS1-3 | 样品PS1-5 | 样品PS1-12 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 孔隙度/% | 渗透率/(10-3 μm2) | 孔隙度/% | 渗透率/(10-3 μm2) | 孔隙度/% | 渗透率/(10-3 μm2) | |
| 5 | 6.75 | 0.002 75 | 4.76 | 0.005 16 | 5.87 | 0.010 80 |
| 10 | 6.56 | 0.002 40 | 4.57 | 0.004 99 | 5.68 | 0.008 81 |
| 20 | 6.41 | 0.002 22 | 4.42 | 0.004 82 | 5.47 | 0.007 14 |
| 30 | 6.32 | 0.002 05 | 4.32 | 0.004 65 | 5.34 | 0.005 97 |
| 40 | 6.22 | 0.001 87 | 4.23 | 0.004 48 | 5.21 | 0.005 64 |
| 50 | 6.17 | 0.001 69 | 4.18 | 0.004 32 | 5.14 | 0.005 47 |
表5
四川盆地东部JY1井、JY11井和PS1井页岩储层特征"
| 井号 | JY1 | JY11 | PS1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 埋深/m | 2 415 | 4 185 | 5 970 |
| TOC/% | 3.69 | 2.55 | 3.66 |
| 孔隙度/% | 4.70 | 4.10 | 5.30 |
| 主要孔隙类型和大小 | 有机质孔和无机质孔均发育、大小均一性高 | 有机质孔为主、孔隙大小均一性低 | 有机质孔为主、孔隙大小均一性较高 |
| 孔隙结构特征 | 微孔和介孔为主 | 微孔和介孔为主 | 微孔和介孔为主,大孔较发育 |
| GR/API | 182 | 168 | 184 |
| U/Th | 1.150 | 0.768 | 1.695 |
| 石英含量/% | 44.6 | 45.0 | 50.3 |
| 黏土矿物含量/% | 34.5 | 37.8 | 30.5 |
| 碳酸盐矿物含量/% | 9.7 | 8.3 | 8.1 |
| 岩相类型 | 高有机质黏土质硅质页岩 | 中有机质黏土质硅质页岩 | 高有机质硅质页岩 |
| WF2—LM4笔石页岩厚度/m | 19.0 | 16.0 | 17.2 |
| 压力系数 | 1.55 | 1.20 ~ 1.30 | 1.95 |
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