石油与天然气地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 1927-1946.doi: 10.11743/ogg20250612
何希鹏1,2(
), 昝灵1,2(
), 高玉巧1,2, 蔡潇1,2, 陈鹏1,2, 花彩霞1,2, 白鸾羲1,2, 张琬璐1,2
收稿日期:2025-08-11
修回日期:2025-11-04
出版日期:2025-12-30
发布日期:2025-12-25
通讯作者:
昝灵
E-mail:hexp.hdsj@sinopec.com;zanl.hdsj@sinopec.com
第一作者简介:何希鹏(1970—),男,研究员,油气地质及勘探评价。E-mail: hexp.hdsj@sinopec.com。
基金项目:
Xipeng HE1,2(
), Ling ZAN1,2(
), Yuqiao GAO1,2, Xiao CAI1,2, Peng CHEN1,2, Caixia HUA1,2, Luanxi BAI1,2, Wanlu ZHANG1,2
Received:2025-08-11
Revised:2025-11-04
Online:2025-12-30
Published:2025-12-25
Contact:
Ling ZAN
E-mail:hexp.hdsj@sinopec.com;zanl.hdsj@sinopec.com
摘要:
苏北盆地古近系阜(阜宁组)二段页岩具有有机质丰度低、岩性复杂和断块破碎的地质特点,页岩油勘探面临资源潜力和富集机理不清、勘探方向不明等难题。系统开展了低总有机碳含量(TOC)页岩成烃、成储和成藏机理,明确了勘探潜力和有利目标。研究结果表明:① 阜二段主要发育5种岩相,其中阜二段一亚段和二亚段的纹层状黏土质-长英质、长英质-碳酸盐混合质页岩为有利岩相。② 页岩有机质类型为Ⅰ-Ⅱ型,发育光面球藻、葡萄藻、沟鞭藻和木栓质体等有利成烃母质,具有“早生烃、高转化、低排烃、富游离”的生-排-滞-聚特征。③ 页岩为裂缝-孔隙型储层,孔隙以黏土矿物晶间孔、长英质矿物粒间孔和溶蚀孔为主,裂缝主要为层理缝、构造缝和成岩缝,裂缝孔隙度占17% ~ 21%。④ 受成岩和构造作用影响,页岩油在源内发生3次微运移,页岩具有微运移-自封闭的成藏特征。⑤ 阜二段具有深凹稳定型、高陡断阶型、复杂断块型和浅埋单斜型4种页岩油成藏模式。⑥ 页岩油富集高产主要受沉积成岩、保存条件和可压性三因素控制。溱潼凹陷实施12口探评井和3个试验井组,均获得高产,提交页岩油探明储量超过4 000 × 104 t,揭示了苏北盆地低TOC页岩油良好的勘探开发潜力。
中图分类号:
图3
苏北盆地QY1井阜二段主要发育的5种岩相特征照片a. 层状、纹层状黏土质-长英质混合质页岩,埋深3 925.30 m,岩心照片;b. 黏土质与长英质呈纹层状发育(a图样品普通薄片单偏光大面积拼接显微照片);c. 黏土质纹层内有机质富集(b图局部放大照片);d. 纹层状、层状长英质-碳酸盐混合质页岩,埋深4 042.30 m,岩心照片;e. 纹层发育(d图样品普通薄片单偏光大面积拼接显微照片);f. 长英质纹层内碳酸盐胶结物多(e图局部放大照片);g.纹层、层状长英质页岩,埋深3 990.00 m,岩心照片;h. 纹层发育,见水动力扰动痕迹(g图样品普通薄片单偏光大面积拼接显微照片);i. 长英质纹层厚度大于黏土质纹层,长英质含量高(h图局部放大照片);j. 块状黏土质-长英质混合质泥岩,埋深3 739.90 m,岩心照片;k. 块状,基质部分普遍含碳酸盐矿物,染色为红色(j图样品普通薄片单偏光大面积拼接显微照片);l. 局部见黏土质透镜体,定向排列(k图局部放大照片);m.块状黏土质泥岩,埋深3 683.85 m,岩心照片; n.块状(j图样品普通薄片单偏光大面积拼接显微照片);o. 见介形虫(n图局部放大照片)"
表1
中国页岩油勘探重点凹陷参数对比[31, 35-43]"
| 主要参数 | 吉木萨尔凹陷 | 鄂尔多斯盆地 | 古龙凹陷 | 沧东凹陷 | 济阳坳陷 | 溱潼凹陷 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 沉积环境 | 咸水 | 淡水-微咸水 | 淡水 | 半咸水-咸水 | 半咸水-咸水 | 微咸-半咸水 |
| 页岩厚度/m | 200 ~ 300 | 20 ~ 124 | 100 ~ 240 | 50 ~ 300 | 300 ~ 1 000 | 200 ~ 450 |
| 岩性 | 云质粉砂岩、泥质白云岩 | 粉、细砂岩 | 长英质页岩 | 白云质、长英质页岩 | 泥灰岩、灰泥岩 | 混合质页岩 |
| 矿物组分含量比值(长英质∶碳酸盐∶黏土质) | 5∶4∶1 | 7∶1∶2 | 2∶3∶5 | 4∶4∶2 | 3∶6∶1 | 4∶3∶3 |
| TOC/% | 1.2 ~ 8.9 | 2.0 ~ 20.0 | 0.5 ~ 10.0 | 1.3 ~ 8.8 | 1.5 ~ 10.0 | 0.5 ~ 2.0 |
| S1/(mg/g) | 1.0 ~ 11.0 | 3.0 ~ 12.0 | 12.5 ~ 14.8 | 2.0 ~ 5.0 | 2.0 ~ 6.0 | 0.5 ~ 5.0 |
| Ro/% | 0.6 ~ 1.6 | 0.7 ~ 1.5 | 0.5 ~ 2.0 | 0.6 ~ 1.3 | 0.6 ~ 1.1 | 0.7 ~ 1.1 |
| 纹层发育程度 | 发育 | 较发育 | 发育 | 较发育 | 发育 | 发育 |
| 孔隙度/% | 5.0 ~ 15.6 | 3.0 ~ 13.0 | 5.0 ~ 14.0 | 3.0 ~ 13.0 | 4.0 ~ 16.0 | 1.6 ~ 9.1 |
| 渗透率/(10-3 μm2) | 0.020 ~ 0.500 | 0.010 ~ 0.300 | 0.011 ~ 1.620 | 0.100 ~ 16.000 | 0.010 ~ 2.000 | 0.005 ~ 2.890 |
| 页岩埋深/m | 2 700 ~ 4 100 | 700 ~ 2 900 | 1 200 ~ 2 600 | 3 200 ~ 4 300 | 3 000 ~ 5 300 | 2 800 ~ 4 500 |
| 压力系数 | 1.1 ~ 1.5 | 0.7 ~ 0.8 | > 1.4 | 1.3 ~ 1.8 | 1.2 ~ 2.0 | 1.1 ~ 1.6 |
| 油藏类型 | 夹层型 | 夹层型 | 基质型 | 夹层型、混合型 | 夹层型、混合型 | 混合型 |
表2
溱潼凹陷深凹带QY1井阜二段页岩地质参数"
| 亚段 | 厚度/m | Ro/% | TOC/% | S1/(mg/g) | (S1-1/S1)/% | S2/(mg/g) | HI/(mg/g) | 孔隙度/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 五亚段 | 72 | 0.95 | 1.41(72) | 0.80(72) | — | 7.17(72) | 472.50(72) | 5.00(20) |
| 四亚段 | 36 | 0.98 | 2.53(36) | 1.92(36) | 51.80(27) | 8.45(36) | 329.60(36) | 2.20(33) |
| 三亚段 | 58 | 1.01 | 1.37(74) | 1.77(74) | 54.90(36) | 4.41(74) | 265.00(74) | 4.70(66) |
| 二亚段 | 112 | 1.03 | 1.26(121) | 2.32(121) | 54.10(64) | 2.75(121) | 183.50(121) | 4.40(125) |
| 一亚段 | 144 | 1.04 | 1.02(159) | 1.94(159) | 49.50(96) | 1.59(159) | 130.70(159) | 4.00(202) |
图4
溱潼凹陷阜二段不同类型页岩油、气产率和转化率随模拟温度的变化特征a.纹层状黏土质-长英质混合质页岩产油率随温度的变化曲线;b.块状黏土质-长英质混合质页岩产油率随温度的变化曲线;c.层状长英质-碳酸盐混合质页岩产油率随温度的变化曲线;d.纹层状黏土-长英混合质页岩产油率和产气态烃率随温度变化条形图;e.块状黏土-长英混合质页岩产油率和产气态烃率随温度变化条形图;f.层状长英-碳酸盐混合质页岩产油率和产气态烃率随温度变化条形图;g.纹层状黏土-长英混合质页岩中滞留油族组分产率随温度变化条形图;h.块状状黏土-长英混合质页岩中滞留油族组分产率随温度变化条形图;i.层状长英-碳酸盐混合质页岩中滞留油族组分产率随温度变化条形图;j.纹层状黏土-长英混合质页岩有机质转化率随Ro变化散点图;k.块状状黏土-长英混合质页岩有机质转化率随Ro变化散点图;l.层状长英-碳酸盐混合质页岩有机质转化率随Ro变化散点图"
图6
苏北盆地QY1井阜二段二亚段纹层状黏土-长英质混合质页岩激光共聚焦显微照片(铸体薄片)a.埋深3 897.32 m,烃类在基质和裂缝中广泛分布,含油气性较好;b. a图局部放大,基质孔隙中油气均匀分布,形成多个微小聚集体;c. a图局部放大,游离烃向纹层缝内聚集;d. a图局部放大,基质孔隙内游离烃向生烃缝聚集;e. 埋深3 952.71 m,微断层中可见残余沥青质;f. 埋深3 972.71 m,烃类优先于有机质周缘的黏土矿物晶间孔内聚集;g. 埋深3 975.23 m,烃类自黏土质纹层向上覆长英质纹层运移;h. 埋深3 977.36 m,烃类自纹层内基质孔隙进入生烃缝向上运移;i. 埋深3 987.22 m,微断层中可见残余沥青质"
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