石油与天然气地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 1136-1151.doi: 10.11743/ogg20250408

• 油气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

陆相断陷盆地全油气系统成藏动力场特征与有序分布模式——以渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷为例

庞宏1,2(), 刘国勇3, 贾承造1,4, 姜福杰1,2, 姜林4, 王建伟5, 马学峰6, 陈迪1,2, 陈君青1,2   

  1. 1.油气资源与探测国家重点实验室，北京 102249
    2.中国石油大学（北京） 地球科学学院，北京 102249
    3.中国石油 青海油田公司，甘肃 敦煌 814000
    4.中国石油 勘探开发研究院，北京 100083
    5.中国石油 冀东油田分公司，河北 唐山 063000
    6.中国石油 华北油田分公司 勘探开发研究院，河北 任丘 062552
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-28 修回日期:2025-07-06 出版日期:2025-08-30 发布日期:2025-09-06
  • 第一作者简介:庞宏（1982—），男，博士、副教授，常规与非常规油气成藏机理。E-mail：panghong19820107@126.com。
  • 基金项目:
    中国石油科技部项目(2021DJ0101)

Characteristics of accumulation dynamic fields and orderly distribution pattern of hydrocarbon reservoirs in the whole petroleum system of a continental faulted basin： A case study of the Nanpu Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin

Hong PANG1,2(), Guoyong LIU3, Chengzao JIA1,4, Fujie JIANG1,2, Lin JIANG4, Jianwei WANG5, Xuefeng MA6, Di CHEN1,2, Junqing CHEN1,2   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting，Beijing 102249，China
    2.College of Geosciences，China University of Petroleum （Beijing），Beijing 102249，China
    3.Qinghai Oilfield Company，PetroChina，Dunhuang，Gansu 814000，China
    4.Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development，PetroChina，Beijing 100083，China
    5.Jidong Oilfield Company，PetroChina，Tangshan，Hebei 063000，China
    6.Research Institute of Exploration and Development，Huabei Oilfield Company，PetroChina，Renqiu，Hebei 062552，China
  • Received:2025-04-28 Revised:2025-07-06 Online:2025-08-30 Published:2025-09-06

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摘要：

中国东部断陷盆地广泛发育联合共生的页岩、致密和常规等类型的油气藏，且分布规律复杂。基于全油气系统理论和成藏动力场模式，以渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷为例，通过典型油气藏剖析，判识不同类型油气藏动力学边界，划分油气动力场，研究不同动力场内油气成藏特征，建立全油气系统动力场演化控藏模式，阐明油气藏成因机制。研究结果表明：南堡凹陷存在浮力成藏下限、油气成藏底限、源岩供烃底限3个动力学边界，形成自由、局限和束缚3个动力场。这3个动力场分别控制常规、致密和页岩3类油气藏自上而下的有序分布。浮力成藏下限对应的临界孔隙度、渗透率和孔喉半径分别为10.0%，1 × 10-3 μm2和0.380 μm；油气成藏底限的临界孔隙度和孔喉半径分别为2.0%和0.037 μm；源岩供烃底限预测临界孔隙度为1.0%，对应的镜质体反射率（Ro）约为3.3%。不同地区成藏动力学边界存在差异，主要受岩性和地温梯度的影响，岩性越粗，地温梯度越低，浮力成藏下限越深。在东营组沉积末期主要发育自由动力场形成的常规油气藏；明化镇组沉积末期主要发育局限动力场形成的致密油气藏；现今在中-浅层主要发育油气动力场形成的常规油气藏，中-深层主要发育局限动力场形成的致密油气藏，深层束缚动力场在高柳地区和林雀次洼发育页岩油气藏。南堡凹陷林雀次洼—高柳地区从洼陷到盆地边缘呈现古近系-新近系全油气系统“页岩油气藏—致密油气藏—常规油气藏”序列分布演化模式。

关键词: 浮力成藏下限, 油气成藏底限, 源岩供烃底限, 油气动力场, 全油气系统, 油气成藏动力学, 南堡凹陷, 渤海湾盆地

Abstract:

Widespread shale， tight， and conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs coexist in continental faulted basins in eastern China， as characterized by complex reservoir distribution patterns. Based on the whole petroleum system theory and the dynamic field model for hydrocarbon accumulation， we investigate the Nanpu Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin. By analyzing representative hydrocarbon reservoirs， we identify the dynamic boundaries of varying hydrocarbon reservoir types， delineate the dynamic fields for hydrocarbon accumulation， and examine the hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics within each dynamic field. Accordingly， the dynamic field evolution-controlled hydrocarbon accumulation model in the whole petroleum system is established with the genetic mechanisms of the hydrocarbon reservoirs elucidated. The results indicate that the Nanpu Sag exhibits three dynamic boundaries： the buoyancy-driven hydrocarbon accumulation depth （BHAD）， the hydrocarbon accumulation depth limit （HADL）， and the active source-rock depth limit （ASDL）. These boundaries delineate a free， a restricted， and an irreducible dynamic field for hydrocarbon accumulation， which govern the conventional， tight， and shale hydrocarbon reservoirs， respectively that are distributed in a regular pattern from top to bottom. The BHAD corresponds to a critical porosity of 10.0%， a permeability of 1 × 10-3 μm2， and a pore-throat radius of 0.380 μm. The HADL is characterized by a critical porosity of 2.0% and a pore-throat radius of 0.037 μm. For the ASDL， the critical porosity is predicted to be 1.0%， corresponding to a vitrinite reflectance （Ro） of approximately 3.3%. These dynamic boundaries differ across varying areas primarily due to the influence of lithology and geothermal gradient. Specifically， a coarser-grained lithology and a lower thermal gradient are associated with a deeper BHAD. During the late depositional stage of the Dongying Formation， conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs are primarily formed due to the presence of the free hydrocarbon dynamic field. During the late depositional stage of the Minghuazhen Formation， tight hydrocarbon reservoirs were principally formed under the action of the restricted dynamic field. At present， the free dynamic field predominates in the shallow to intermediate stratigraphic levels with conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs occurring， the restricted dynamic field is primarily distributed in the intermediate to deep layers with tight hydrocarbon reservoirs forming， and the deep irreducible dynamic field contributes to the formation of shale hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Gaoliu area and the Linque Sub-sag. Therefore， the Linque Sub-sag—Gaoliu area in the Nanpu Sag exhibits a distribution and evolutionary sequence of shale， tight， and conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs within the Paleogene-Neogene whole petroleum system from sub-sags to the basin margin.

Key words: buoyancy-driven hydrocarbon accumulation depth （BHAD）, hydrocarbon accumulation depth limit （HADL）, active source-rock depth limit （ASDL）, dynamic field of hydrocarbon accumulation, whole petroleum system, dynamics of petroleum migration and accumulation, Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

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